U.S. Presidents: Wilson to Hoover

A political system where citizens directly vote on laws and policies.

A political system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions and laws on their behalf.

A political ideology advocating for the abolition of private property and the establishment of a classless society where resources are shared equally.

The belief that one's own native culture and people should be prioritized over others, often targeting immigrants.

A political leader who uses emotional appeals, often based on fear and prejudice, to gain power.

The 18th Amendment to the US Constitution, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

The 21st Amendment to the US Constitution which repealed the 18th Amendment, ending Prohibition.

The 19th Amendment to the US Constitution, which granted women the right to vote.

American president during World War I, implemented the Fourteen Points peace plan, but his health deteriorated later in his presidency.

American president known for his charm and popularity, faced scandal and corruption during his administration.

American president who succeeded Harding, known for his limited government approach and focus on business.

American engineer and businessman, president during the Great Depression, criticized for his response to economic crisis.

American president who implemented the New Deal to address the Great Depression, known for his ability to communicate and connect with the people.

A series of programs implemented by Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the Great Depression, focusing on relief, recovery, and reform.

American president who succeeded Roosevelt, faced various challenges including the Cold War and the atomic bomb.

American president known for his use of radio to communicate with the nation and for his response to the Great Depression.

A period of intense fear and suspicion of communist influence in the United States, fueled by Cold War tensions.

A political boundary that separated communist Eastern Europe from democratic Western Europe during the Cold War.

The practice of accusing individuals of being communist or socialist without proper evidence, often leading to persecution and blacklisting.

The fear and hostility towards Russia and its policies, particularly during the Cold War, fueled by ideological differences between capitalism and communism.

A case of political espionage that highlighted Cold War tensions and sparked fear of communist infiltration in the US.

The trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were accused of spying for the Soviet Union and were executed.

A group of Hollywood producers and writers who were blacklisted in the 1950s for alleged communist affiliations.

A period of social and cultural change in the United States after World War I, characterized by economic prosperity, booming nightlife, and the rise of jazz music.

A group of American writers who came of age during World War I and were disillusioned by the war's destruction and the materialism of American society.

A series of raids conducted by the U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer in 1919 and 1920, targeting suspected radicals and anarchists, primarily immigrants.

A series of labor strikes in the United States in 1919, often blamed on communist influence.

Racial unrest and violence that occurred in many American cities during the summer of 1919, fueled by racial tensions and discrimination.

A law passed in 1924 that limited immigration to the United States based on national origin, favoring people from Western Europe and excluding many from Eastern Europe and Asia.

During World War II, the Black Eagles were a prestigious Air Force unit, known for their exceptional accomplishments. This unit demonstrated the talent and bravery of Black soldiers.

A significant migration of millions of Black people from rural areas to urban centers, mainly in the North. This movement was driven by economic opportunities, escaping segregation, and the need for workers during WWI.

The New Deal, while aiming to alleviate economic hardship, failed to significantly improve the lives of Black Americans. Many Black individuals faced significant challenges in accessing New Deal programs and employment opportunities due to racial discrimination.

President Truman's desegregation order in the U.S. military led to significant advancements in racial integration, allowing Black and white soldiers to serve together.

The Roaring Twenties brought new opportunities for women, including greater freedom and visibility. Women embraced new roles as workers, flappers, and consumers. However, employment opportunities were limited, and traditional gender roles remained dominant.

The Great Depression intensified gender roles and impacted women's employment. Women were often forced to compete for jobs and prioritize men's employment. Many worked in low-paying jobs to support their families, but traditional expectations remained dominant.

World War II created new opportunities for women as men left for war, enabling them to fill industrial and military roles. They became "Rosie the Riveters," challenging traditional gender roles. However, many women were encouraged to return to domestic roles after the war.

The Axis Powers, a group of nations during World War II, embraced fascism, totalitarianism, and a policy of expansion. They included Germany (with its Nazi ideology), Italy, and Japan.

The Allies, the opposing forces to the Axis Powers, had a significant advantage due to their access to resources, manpower, and strategic positioning. Their victory resulted from factors like abundant supplies, troops from the US, naval control, a common language (English), and internal resistance within Axis-controlled territories.

The Battle of Stalingrad, fought in the Soviet Union, marked a turning point in World War II. The strategic defeat of the German forces at Stalingrad significantly weakened the Axis powers.

Scorched Earth Welfare was a military tactic implemented by the Soviet Union to hinder the German advance. They burned their own fields and crops to prevent the Germans from benefiting from them. It was a devastating strategy employed against the invading forces.

The use of propaganda during World War II by both the Allies and Axis powers was a critical tool for influencing public opinion, boosting morale, and encouraging participation in the war effort. Examples like the 'Rosie the Riveter' posters encouraged women to join the workforce, showing the power of propaganda.

The Nuremberg Laws, implemented by Nazi Germany, aimed to strip Jews of their citizenship. They were accused of 'corrupting' the Aryan race, which shows the discriminatory and racist nature of the laws.

During the war in Asia, the Japanese showed intense devotion to their emperor, often sacrificing their lives for him. The U.S. struggled to conquer them due to their unwavering loyalty and willingness to fight to the death.

Island hopping was a strategy employed by the U.S. in the Pacific theater. It involved capturing key islands one by one to advance toward Japan. This was an effective tactic in their island-by-island approach to victory in the Pacific.