U.S. Political Parties History Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was one of the key disagreements between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans in regards to government power?

  • The Federalists believed in a stronger national government with a broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause, while the Democratic-Republicans favored a weaker national government with a strict interpretation. (correct)
  • The Federalists believed in a powerful military with a large standing army, while the Democratic-Republicans favored a smaller, less powerful military.
  • The Federalists believed in a centralized banking system, while the Democratic-Republicans opposed a centralized banking system.
  • The Federalists believed in a weaker national government with a strict interpretation of the necessary and proper clause, while the Democratic-Republicans favored a stronger national government with a broad interpretation.

What was one of the main factors contributing to the formation of the first two American political parties?

  • Disagreements over the location of the national capital.
  • Conflicts related to land ownership and westward expansion.
  • Disputes over the interpretation of the Constitution, particularly regarding the necessary and proper clause. (correct)
  • Different views on trade and economic policies.

What was the significance of the Judiciary Act of 1789?

  • It created a system of federal courts, including district courts, circuit courts, and the Supreme Court. (correct)
  • It defined the powers and responsibilities of the executive branch of the government.
  • It established the Federal Reserve System, overseeing the nation's central bank.
  • It outlined the procedures for amending the Constitution.

Which of the following individuals served as the first Chief Justice of the United States?

<p>John Jay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans differ in their views on the French Revolution?

<p>Both parties initially supported the French Revolution but later divided over the Reign of Terror and the Napoleonic Wars. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was President Washington's stance on the relationship between the United States and France during the French Revolution?

<p>Washington advocated for neutrality, believing that the United States should not take sides in European conflicts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did George Washington set precedents for future presidents?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the treaty that formalized the alliance between the United States and France during the American Revolutionary War?

<p>Treaty of 1778 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a component of Hamilton's economic plan?

<p>Creation of a national bank (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Democratic-Republicans react to Hamilton's plan?

<p>They strongly opposed it, fearing the national government's growing power. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the Whiskey Rebellion?

<p>Farmers protested against the government's unfair taxation policies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main effect of the Whiskey Rebellion on the United States?

<p>It strengthened the federal government by proving its power to enforce laws. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precedent was set by George Washington's decision not to run for a third term as president?

<p>The tradition of a two-term limit for presidents was established. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the primary purpose of Hamilton's financial plan?

<p>To strengthen the national government and promote economic growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Hamilton's economic plan intend to protect domestic industry?

<p>By imposing tariffs on imported goods to make domestic goods more competitive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a concern of the Democratic-Republicans regarding Hamilton's financial plan?

<p>The plan would lead to a decrease in the national debt. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

US Neutrality Declaration 1793

A statement issued to maintain the US's stance of not taking sides in foreign conflicts.

Hamilton's Economic Plan

A strategy to pay off national debt and strengthen federal government using state debts, bonds, taxes, and tariffs.

Bonds

Debt securities issued to raise revenue for the government.

Excise Taxes

Taxes on specific goods, used to generate revenue for the federal government.

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Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods to raise revenue and protect domestic business.

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National Bank Purpose

To strengthen the national government, regulate state banks, and promote business through credit.

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Whiskey Rebellion

A revolt by Pennsylvania farmers against the whiskey tax in 1794, challenged federal authority.

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Washington's Farewell Address

George Washington's message after two terms, warning against political parties and foreign alliances.

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George Washington's Presidency

George Washington was unanimously elected as the first President of the US in 1788, setting many important precedents.

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Judiciary Act of 1789

Established the federal court system including 13 district courts, 3 circuit courts, and 1 Supreme Court.

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First Chief Justice

John Jay was appointed as the first Chief Justice of the United States, leading the Supreme Court.

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President's Cabinet

Washington established a cabinet of advisors including Thomas Jefferson (State) and Alexander Hamilton (Treasury).

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Federalists

Political party led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams, favoring a strong national government.

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Democratic-Republicans

Political party led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, valuing states' rights and people's freedoms.

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Loose vs. Strict Interpretation

Federalists believed in a loose interpretation of the Constitution; Democratic-Republicans believed in a strict interpretation.

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US Neutrality Policy

Washington’s approach to foreign relations, particularly regarding France, advocating that the US should remain neutral.

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Study Notes

The New Nation: Washington's Presidency

  • 1788: George Washington was unanimously elected the first President of the United States.
  • He set many precedents, which are examples followed by later leaders.
  • The Constitution established the Supreme Court, but left lower courts to Congress.
  • The Judiciary Act of 1789 created the federal court system with: thirteen district courts, three circuit courts, and one Supreme Court.
  • Washington created the President's cabinet with advisors, including: Department of State (Thomas Jefferson), Treasury (Alexander Hamilton), War (Henry Knox) and Attorney General (Edmund Randolph).
  • During Washington's presidency, America's first two political parties formed: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.
  • Federalists: Led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams, representing Northern merchants, and favoured a strong national government.
  • Democratic-Republicans: Led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, representing Southerners and farmers, and advocated for state's rights and individual liberties.
  • Disputes arose over the interpretation of the "necessary and proper" clause in the Constitution. Federalists favoured a looser interpretation, while Democratic-Republicans favoured a stricter interpretation.
  • Initially, Americans supported the French Revolution, as the French had aided the Americans during the Revolutionary War.
  • However, a division emerged during the Reign of Terror, the rise of Napoleon, and his European wars.
  • The Federalists opposed supporting France, while the Democratic-Republicans supported the French. Washington declared US neutrality in 1793.
  • Hamilton's financial plan aimed to pay off national and state debts using bonds, excise taxes (taxes on goods), and tariffs (taxes on imports). This was controversial as it mainly benefited the wealthy.
  • The plan also included establishing a national bank to strengthen the national government and regulate state banks.
  • The Democratic-Republicans opposed Hamilton's plan, fearing a powerful national government.
  • A compromise was reached, where the South agreed to federal assumption of debt in exchange for the national capital being moved to the South (Washington D.C.).
  • The whiskey tax, part of Hamilton's plan, angered Pennsylvania farmers leading to the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794.
  • Washington personally led troops, swiftly suppressing the rebellion which demonstrated the strength of the new federal government.
  • As president, Washington served two terms (eight years). He established a precedent by not seeking a third term.
  • He issued his Farewell Address, which advised the nation to avoid political factions and foreign entanglements.

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