Age of Jefferson - First Political Parties Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which political party primarily supported the establishment of a national bank and protective tariffs?

Republicans

Whigs (correct)

Democrats

Know-Nothing Party

What was a primary motive for the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

To preserve Native American cultures

To create cooperation between tribes and settlers

To expand the territory for agriculture and settlers (correct)

To restore treaties made with Native Americans

Which event is best associated with Texan independence from Mexico?

Battle of the Alamo

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Mexican-American War

Battle of San Jacinto (correct)

What economic development was primarily driven by the Transportation Revolution?

Unified continental economy Signup and view all the answers

Which group predominantly filled low-paying factory jobs in northeastern cities during the 1840s?

Irish immigrants Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the rapidly growing population moving westward?

Development of a unified continental economy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a primary concern of the nativist movement during the 1840s?

Influence of foreign political ideologies Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of the Cherokee removal commonly referred to?

Trail of Tears Signup and view all the answers

What was a key belief of the Federalist Party?

Promotion of commerce and manufacturing. Signup and view all the answers

Which ideology did the Democratic-Republican Party primarily support?

Strict interpretation of the Constitution. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects Thomas Jefferson's beliefs during his presidency?

He promoted individual liberties and popular democracy. Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the 'Revolution of 1800'?

A peaceful transfer of power between rival parties. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Marbury v. Madison case in 1803?

It established the principle of judicial review. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a major event during Jefferson's presidency?

The Louisiana Purchase. Signup and view all the answers

Which group did the Democratic-Republican Party primarily represent?

Plantation owners and small farmers. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Embargo Act of 1807 aim to achieve?

Limit trade and economic interaction with Britain and France. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main outcome of the Treaty of Ghent?

No territory was ceded or lost Signup and view all the answers

Which convention is associated with the seeds of secession and the decline of the Federalist Party?

Hartford Convention Signup and view all the answers

What did the Missouri Compromise establish?

A boundary separating slave and free states Signup and view all the answers

What was established in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

The principle of Judicial Review Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant actions taken by Chief Justice John Marshall?

Promoted judicial nationalism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT part of Henry Clay’s American System?

A system for expanding westward settlements Signup and view all the answers

What issue led to the Nullification Crisis during Adams' presidency?

The Tariff of Abominations Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the impeachment charges against Samuel Chase?

The Senate did not convict him Signup and view all the answers

Which purchase doubled the size of the United States in 1803?

Louisiana Purchase Signup and view all the answers

What key principle did the Monroe Doctrine emphasize regarding European intervention?

European countries should not colonize in the Western Hemisphere Signup and view all the answers

What slogan was associated with the 1840 presidential election?

Tippecanoe and Tyler too Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Embargo Act of 1807?

Stimulated American industry Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'New Democracy' during the 1840 election?

Based on universal white manhood suffrage Signup and view all the answers

Who organized a confederacy of Native Americans against U.S. expansion?

Tecumseh Signup and view all the answers

What was the main sentiment of the War Hawks during the lead-up to the War of 1812?

To confront Britain and Native Americans Signup and view all the answers

What happened in August 1814 during the War of 1812?

Washington D.C. was attacked and the presidential mansion was burned Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Age of Jefferson - First Political Parties (1789-1824)

Federalists:
- Advocated for a strong central government.
- Supported loose constructionism of the Constitution.
- Promoted commerce and manufacturing.
- Favored the wealthy, merchants, bankers, and manufacturers.
- Strongest in the Northeast and urban areas.
- Feared mob rule and anarchy.
- Favored good government based on merit.
- Pro-British.
Democratic-Republicans:
- Advocated for states' rights and strong local/state governments.
- Supported strict constructionism of the Constitution.
- Promoted agricultural interests.
- Favored small farmers, plantation owners, and artisans.
- Strongest in the West and South, rural areas.
- Feared tyranny and monarchy.
- Part of individual liberties and popular democracy.
- Pro-French.

Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)

Plantation owner and statesman from Virginia.
Served as an assemblyman and drafted the Declaration of Independence.

The Revolution of 1800

Peaceful transfer of power between opposing political parties solidified trust in America's political process.
Jefferson promoted a return to the principles of 1776.
Conciliatory message: "We are all Republicans; we are all Federalists".
Judiciary Act of 1801 created 16 new federal judgeships, creating a Federalist hold on the judiciary.
Accused of court-packing with "midnight appointments"

Strengthening of the Judicial Branch

Chief Justice John Marshall (1801-1835):
- A committed Federalist.
- Instrumental in establishing "judicial nationalism".

Domestic Policy

Louisiana Purchase (1803):
- Doubled the size of the US.
- Acquisition for $15 million.
- Challenged strict constructionist ideology.
Lewis and Clark Expedition:
- Explore newly acquired western territories.
- Guided by Sacagawea.

Foreign Policy

Threats to Neutrality
- Barbary pirates
  - Demanded tribute for safe passage in Mediterranean.
- Napoleonic Wars
- European conflicts that impacted American shipping.
- Order in Council (European control)
  - Blocked trade with foreign ships.
- Escalated impressment of US sailors.
- Britain fired upon US ship Chesapeake.
Embargo Act of 1807:
- "Peaceful coercion" measure
- Hurt the US economy

War of 1812

Causes
- Disputes over impressment of sailors.
- British support for Native American resistance.
Background:
- New England opposed war, relying on England for trade
Events
- Mistakes in early campaigns
- Victory on the Great Lakes
- Burning of Washington, D.C.
- Victory at Battle of New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent
- No territorial gains.

Effects of the War of 1812

Hartford Convention (1814):
- Talk of secession.
Increased national pride.

The Era of Good Feelings

One-Party System
- Dominated by Democratic-Republicans.
Missouri Compromise (1820): - Addressed issue of slavery.
Monroe Doctrine (1823):
- Warned European powers to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.

The American System

Henry Clay's three-pronged system to Promote American industry:
- Strong banking system
- Protective tariffs.
- System of roads & canals.

Political Changes

Election of 1824:
- "Corrupt Bargain": No clear electoral winner, leading to congressional selection of J.Q. Adams.
Rise of the Whigs and Democrats:
- New political parties emerged reflecting changing political views.
"New Democracy":
- Based on universal white male suffrage.
Indian Removal Act (1830):
- Led to forced displacement of Native American tribes.

Immigration

German & Irish immigration (1840s):
- Driven by Irish Potato famine.
- Seeking work and opportunities.

Transportation Revolution

Steamboats, canals, and railroads revolutionized transportation and unified the continental economy.

Mechanization

Eli Whitney
- Cotton gin and interchangeable parts, impacting industry and development.

Women in the 19th Century

Cult of Domesticity:
- Emphasis on women’s roles and spheres.
Women's Rights Movement:
- Seneca Falls Convention (1848), advocating for equality.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the Age of Jefferson and the formation of America's first political parties from 1789 to 1824. Explore the distinct ideologies of the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, including their views on government, economics, and foreign relations. See how Thomas Jefferson's presidency shaped this critical period in American history.