U.S. Political History: Jefferson and Judicial Review

Questions and Answers

Who was the third President of the United States?

George Washington

James Madison

John Adams

Thomas Jefferson (correct)

What event is referred to as the 'Revolution of 1800'?

Jefferson's election

What does 'patronage' refer to in politics?

Granting favors or appointments in return for political support

What was the Judiciary Act of 1801?

A law that created 16 new federal judgeships Signup and view all the answers

Who served as the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835?

John Marshall Signup and view all the answers

What is judicial review?

The right of the Supreme Court to determine if a law violates the Constitution Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Marbury v. Madison?

Established judicial review Signup and view all the answers

Who was Samuel Chase?

A Supreme Court justice tried to be removed by Congress Signup and view all the answers

What were the Barbary States?

North African nations that demanded tribute from America Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the Tripolitan War?

The pasha of Tripoli cut down the American flagstaff Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase?

It doubled the size of the United States Signup and view all the answers

Who were Meriwether Lewis and William Clark?

Explorers who led the Corps of Discovery Signup and view all the answers

What were the Orders in Council?

British regulations that blocked trade with France Signup and view all the answers

What does impressment refer to?

The British practice of forcing American sailors into military service Signup and view all the answers

What was the Embargo Act of 1807?

A law that halted all U.S. exports Signup and view all the answers

What did the Non-Intercourse Act allow?

Trade with all nations except Britain and France Signup and view all the answers

Who were the War Hawks?

Members of Congress eager for war with Britain Signup and view all the answers

What was the Battle of Tippecanoe?

A conflict between U.S. forces and Native Americans in 1811 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Figures and Events

Thomas Jefferson: Third President (1743-1826), principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and proponent of republicanism in the U.S.
Revolution of 1800: Jefferson's election viewed as a restoration of the revolution's spirit; aimed to reduce government power and promote virtue after Federalist rule.
John Marshall: Chief Justice (1801-1835); instrumental in establishing judicial review.
Judiciary Act of 1801: Created 16 federal judgeships; last Federalist effort to maintain power in the judiciary.

Judicial Developments

Judicial Review: Supreme Court's authority to assess the constitutionality of laws.
Marbury v. Madison (1803): Established judicial review; involved a dispute over a commission that revealed the unconstitutionality of conflicting laws.
Samuel Chase: Supreme Court Justice targeted for removal by Democratic-Republicans; survived impeachment attempt due to lack of Senate support.

International Relations and Conflicts

Barbary States: North African nations demanding tribute to protect American ships.
Tripolitan War: Conflict (1801-1805) with Tripoli leading to a treaty for $60,000 to ransom American captives.
Impressment: British practice of forcibly enlisting American sailors.

Territorial Expansion

Louisiana Purchase: Acquired land from France for $15 million in 1803; expanded U.S. boundaries significantly.
Robert R. Livingston: Negotiated the purchase alongside James Monroe.
Toussaint L’Ouverture: Leader of the Haitian revolt, influencing Napoleon’s decision to sell the Louisiana Territory.

Exploration

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark: Leaders of the Corps of Discovery; explored the Louisiana Territory.
Corps of Discovery: Official name for the Lewis and Clark Expedition team.

Political Developments

Aaron Burr: Vice President under Jefferson; killed Alexander Hamilton and conspired to form a western confederacy.
James Wilkinson: Louisiana Territory governor involved in Burr's conspiracy against the U.S.

Legislative Actions

Embargo Act (1807): Prohibited American trade with foreign nations to avoid conflict; detrimental to U.S. economy.
Non-Intercourse Act: Reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France after the Embargo Act.

War Fever and Native American Relations

War Hawks: Pro-war congressmen eager for conflict with Britain, pushing for expansion.
Tecumseh: Shawnee chief advocating for the unity of tribes against white settlement.
Battle of Tippecanoe: 1811 conflict in Indiana Territory resulting in a defeat for Native Americans led by William Henry Harrison.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz explores key figures and events in early U.S. political history, focusing on Thomas Jefferson's presidency, the Revolution of 1800, and the establishment of judicial review. Delve into significant cases like Marbury v. Madison and understand the implications of the Judiciary Act of 1801.