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What were Jefferson's views on the issue of slavery concerning the expansion of the USA beyond the Mississippi River?
Jefferson thought that continuing slavery in the west would add to the growing sectionalism between the North and South.
What did Jefferson fear would potentially happen to the nation over the issue of slavery?
Civil War and secession.
As the nation grew territorially, what was the main question facing the country?
Slavery: legal or illegal.
What event was precipitated by Jefferson to help encourage the nation to embody his agrarian vision?
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How did the growth of manufacturing and protective tariffs impact Jefferson's vision for America?
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What was the Market Revolution?
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What impact did internal improvements have on American business, immigration, demographics, and sense of nationalism?
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During the Presidency of James Monroe, the nation saw an increase in nationalism. Historically, what was this referred to as?
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How was Florida acquired by the U.S. in 1819?
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What were the conditions of the Missouri Compromise?
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What was the Tallmadge Amendment and why was it ultimately rejected by the Senate?
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What was the decision in McCullough v Maryland (1819) and how does it apply to interpretations of the Constitution?
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What were the parts of the American System?
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What is the message of the Monroe Doctrine?
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What are the themes of Supreme Court decisions under John Marshall?
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What issue raised political rivalries and caused heated debates in the federal government throughout the 1820s and 1830s?
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Which men were political allies and who were political rivals during the 1820s and 1830s?
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Why was the election of Jackson to the Presidency such a revolutionary event in American history?
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Describe the Spoils System and potential issues that would arise from its implementation.
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List events that transpired during the antebellum period which brought to light potential issues that would lead to secession and Civil War.
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The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was enacted primarily for what reasons?
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Describe the Trail of Tears.
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The Nullification Crisis centered on what central issue?
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Jackson's close-knit group of advisors during his Presidency were called what?
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What was outlawed in 1809, shortly after its Constitutional protection had expired?
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The political party that opposed Jackson called themselves Whigs for what reason?
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Reform movements of the antebellum era were influenced by what historical events?
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Describe the aims of reform movements such as temperance, abolitionism, and women's rights movement.
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How did interchangeable parts impact mass production in factories?
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What is the difference between cottage industries and textile manufacturing?
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Who was Samuel Slater?
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Describe how the Putting out system worked.
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What role did women play in the textile mill/factory system of labor?
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What were the main things produced by each region of the nation in the antebellum era?
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Describe how a sense of nationalism was difficult in the early republic and describe governmental efforts to assist Americans into feeling a sense of nationalism.
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What is meant by the statement that the American System was 'Economic Nationalism'?
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Study Notes
Jefferson and Slavery
- Jefferson opposed the continuation of slavery in western expansion due to concerns over sectionalism.
- He feared that slavery could lead to civil war and potential secession.
Territorial Growth and Slavery
- The central question of national debate was whether slavery should be legal or illegal in newly acquired territories.
- The Louisiana Purchase aimed to promote Jefferson's vision of an agrarian America.
Economic Concerns
- Manufacturing growth and protective tariffs conflicted with Jefferson's ideal of a small-farm economy.
- The Market Revolution marked a significant rise in factories and manufacturing, facilitated by industrialization.
Internal Improvements and Nationalism
- Internal improvements drew immigrants to America, increasing the workforce and population.
- Development of roads and turnpikes improved commerce and fostered a sense of nationalism.
The Era of Good Feelings
- James Monroe's presidency is known as the Era of Good Feelings, characterized by heightened nationalism.
Florida Acquisition
- Florida was acquired in 1819 through the Adams-Onis Treaty after General Jackson was sent to stop Seminole attacks, resulting in Spain ceding Florida for $5 million.
Missouri Compromise
- Missouri entered as a slave state, no new slaves could be brought in, and existing slaves would be emancipated at a certain age; Maine became a free state.
- Territories north of the 36'30' line were designated free.
Tallmadge Amendment
- Proposed restrictions on slavery in Missouri faced rejection in the Senate due to concerns over equal representation from North and South.
Supreme Court Case
- McCullough v Maryland (1819) affirmed federal supremacy by ruling that Maryland could not tax the national bank, favoring federal power interpretations of the Constitution.
American System Components
- Henry Clay’s American System included re-chartering the National Bank, imposing a protective tariff, and promoting internal improvements for commerce.
Monroe Doctrine
- The Monroe Doctrine warned European powers against intervening in Western Hemisphere affairs, enhancing American nationalism.
Supreme Court Themes
- Under John Marshall, Supreme Court decisions focused on strengthening federal authority, reinforcing federal law supremacy, and protecting contracts and property rights.
Political Rivalries
- The 1824 Election marked political rivalries, with Adams and Clay on one side and Jackson and Calhoun on the other.
Jackson's Election Significance
- Election of Jackson represented a shift as the first "common man" president; he faced censure by Congress and survived an assassination attempt.
Spoils System
- Jackson's Spoils System rewarded political supporters with government jobs, raising concerns about unqualified appointments, which contributed to political unrest.
Antebellum Tensions
- Expansion of slavery and states' rights discussions intensified rivalries and foreshadowed secession and Civil War.
Indian Removal Act
- The 1830 Indian Removal Act aimed to relocate Native Americans to aid white settlement expansion.
Trail of Tears
- Resulting from resistance to the Indian Removal Act, the Trail of Tears involved forced relocations that led to significant suffering among Native Americans.
Nullification Crisis
- Central issue of the Nullification Crisis revolved around the supremacy of federal law versus state law.
Kitchen Cabinet
- Jackson’s informal advisory group was known as the Kitchen Cabinet, consisting of close political allies.
Outlawing Slave Trade
- The slave trade was banned in 1809, shortly after its constitutional protection expired.
Rise of the Whig Party
- Opponents of Jackson formed the Whig Party to express their dissent, drawing parallels to British anti-monarchist sentiments.
Antebellum Reform Movements
- Reform movements were notably driven by women’s advocacy for social justice, highlighted by their recognition of systemic inequalities.
Goals of Reform Movements
- Abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights aimed to uplift marginalized groups, with women often leading these initiatives.
Interchangeable Parts and Mass Production
- Adoption of interchangeable parts enhanced efficiency, allowing machines to perform tasks more quickly than human labor.
Cottage Industries vs. Textile Manufacturing
- Cottage industries involved small-scale home weaving, while textile manufacturing utilized factories for mass production.
Samuel Slater
- Known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution," Slater brought British textile manufacturing knowledge to America and employed child laborers.
Putting Out System
- The Putting Out System emphasized exporting more than importing to stabilize the economy favorable.
Women's Role in Textile Production
- Women provided cheap labor for factories, often at lower wages than men, and became integral to the supply chain in textile production.
Regional Production in Antebellum Era
- North specialized in manufactured goods; the South focused on cotton production, notably influenced by Eli Whitney's cotton gin; the West produced food staples and livestock.
Nationalism Challenges and Government Efforts
- Geographic isolation hindered a national identity; federal road construction aimed to unify states and foster nationalism.
Economic Nationalism
- The American System embodied "Economic Nationalism," promoting policies intended to benefit the entire nation and cultivate a sense of unity and identity.
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Description
Explore Thomas Jefferson's perspectives on slavery as the United States expanded westward beyond the Mississippi River. The quiz examines his fears regarding the implications of slavery on national unity and the potential for civil conflict. Test your knowledge on this critical aspect of American history.