US Naval History

Birth of the US Navy

• The Royal Navy's rules were the model for the "American Navy".
• On 13 October 1775, the Continental Congress established the Continental Navy.

Naval Seal

• Thirteen bars are not an element of the Naval Seal, which was originally adopted in 1780.
• John Kennedy approved the current official seal design.
• The National Ensign is atop the mainmast of the ship in the current Navy seal.

Naval Act of 1794

• Attacks by Barbary pirates on U.S. commercial vessels in the Mediterranean prompted the U.S. Congress to consider establishing a national navy.
• The French Revolutionary Wars highlighted the vulnerability of American merchant ships to both European powers and privateers.
• The initial naval fleet authorized by the Naval Act of 1794 consisted of six purpose-built frigates designed for speed and maneuverability.

Three Classes of Warship

• The Continental Congress commissioned privateers to capture merchant ships.
• Frigates carried between 28 and 44 guns.
• Sloops-of-War had a gun capacity of 10 to 20 guns.

Six Original Frigates

• USS Union was not one of the U.S. Navy’s Six Original Frigates.
• USS Congress and USS Chesapeake were captured by an enemy force of the original six frigates of the US Navy.
• Constellation, Constitution, United States, were among the first six frigates authorized for construction under the Naval Act of 1794.

Oldest Commissioned Vessel

• USS Constitution is a 44 Gun - Frigate.

First Ship Named After an Enlisted Man

• GM1 Osmond Kelly Ingram rushed to jettison ammunition to prevent a catastrophic explosion, which led to his death during the attack on the Cassin.
• The torpedo hit near the depth charges, potentially causing a massive detonation, which was a significant threat to the USS Cassin in WW1.
• Osmond Kelly Ingram holds the distinction of being the first enlisted man killed in action during WWI.

Relationship Between The Navy and Marine Corps

• Coastal warfare created the need for a specialized force that became the American Marines.
• The relationship between the Marine Corps and the Navy has remade amphibious warfare.
• The Marines Corps ceased to exist temporarily after the Revolutionary War.

History of Sailors Creed

• The primary reason for Admiral Jeremy Boorda's modification to the Sailor's Creed in 1994 was to make the creed more descriptive of all Navy personnel, regardless of rank or rate.

• Admiral Frank Kelso was primarily responsible for the final edit of the “Sailor’s Creed” proposal created by the Blue Ribbon Recruit Training Panel?

• The Sailor’s Creed was first established in 1993.

MCPON Black

• MCPON Black advocated for increasing sea pay from $15 to $110 per month
• Black served as a liaison to customize responses based on individual Sailors' issues.

American Revolution

• American privateer attacks severely disrupted British commerce, leading merchants to petition the Crown for an end to hostilities.
• Shortages in modern Royal Navy vessels and equipment restricted the British ability to effectively blockade American ports and defend their own interests in Europe during the American Revolution.

Barbary Wars

• The Barbary Wars were a series of wars fought in response to the states of Morocco, Tunis, Tripoli, and Algiers seizing unprotected merchant ships off the coast of North Africa and then demanding ransoms from the crews’ families and governments.
• The Second Barbary War won respect for America and concluded piracy dominance.
• Formation of a strong U.S. Navy was a consequence of Barbary piracy for the United States.

War of 1812

• Inspired by the defense of Fort McHenry, "The Star-Spangled Banner" was created.
• Benedict Arnold's battles on Lake Champlain resulted in a tactical defeat for the Americans, but with strategic advantages
• Benedict Arnold's naval actions on Lake Champlain in 1776 forced the British to divert resources and delay their advance, affecting the campaign leading to the Battle of Saratoga.
• After its engagement with the Constitution, HMS Java was set aflame by the US and sunk.

Mexican-American War

• Naval artillery was involved in the U.S. Naval battery during the bombardment of Vera Cruz.
• The annexation of Texas by the U.S. was the catalyst for the Mexican -American War.
• The largest U.S. amphibious operation until World War I took place in Vera Cruz in March 1847.

Civil War

• The USS Merrimack was the original name of the CSS Virginia.
• The CSS Virginia and USS Monitor are best described as wood hulls with iron armor covering most of the hull.
• The CSS Virginia engaged the USS Monitor on the morning of March 9, 1862.

Steam Navy

• The Civil War created a demand for rapid naval expansion and innovation, accelerating the adoption of steam power and new designs in the U.S. Navy.
• John Dahlgren adapted the French steam engine design, enhancing its reliability and safety for the U.S. Navy.
• The Navy's first steel warships authorized by Congress featured rotating turrets, steam propulsion, and very heavy guns.

Spanish-American War

• Commodore George Dewey said "You may fire when you are ready, Gridley" at the start of the Battle of Manila Bay.
• The explosion and sinking of the battleship Maine occurred in Havana harbor.
• The United States annexed Hawaii as a result of the Spanish-American War.

Voyage of the Great White Fleet

• The Great White Fleet initially departed from Hampton Roads.
• The primary purpose of the Great White Fleet's voyage was to demonstrate American naval power.
• The USS Connecticut served as the flagship of the Great White Fleet.
• The estimated total distance covered by the Great White Fleet was 43,000 miles.

Attack on Pearl Harbor

• USS Oregon was not sunk at Pearl Harbor.
• Nearby military airfields on Oahu were damaged during the Pearl Harbor attack.
• No American aircraft carriers were damaged due to their absence during the attack on Pearl Harbor.
• U.S. antiaircraft weapons were inadequate in number and capability during the attack.
• The emotional response of Americans following the attack on Pearl Harbor was a unifying shock and commitment to victory in World War II.
• The attack on Pearl Harbor occurred on 7 December 1941.
• The total number of Navy casualties (killed or missing) during the attack on Pearl Harbor was 3013.

Battle of Coral Sea

• The air combat in the Battle of the Coral Sea, took place over 2 days and was primarily fought by aircraft carriers.
• The USS Yorktown sustained heavy damage but was able to retreat during the Battle of the Coral Sea.
• The Battle of the Coral Sea was the first major U.S. Navy battle involving the use of aircraft carriers.
• "Scratch one flattop!" meant The U.S. Navy sank a Japanese aircraft carrier, in the context of the Battle of the Coral Sea.
• Explosions from within the ship, caused the initial fires and eventual sinking of the USS Lexington.
• After the battle of Coral Sea, the Japanese carrier Shokaku was damaged and could not participate in the Battle of Midway.
• Port Moresby was a key objective that the Allies successfully retained after the Battle of Coral Sea.
• The primary objective of the Japanese forces at the Battle of the Coral Sea was to capture Port Moresby and secure the eastern flank of their advance towards Australia.

Battle of Normandy

• The purpose of the "Mulberries" during the Normandy landings was to create artificial harbors.
• Naval Combat Demolition Units were responsible for clearing the way for the initial invasion force on D-Day.
• German commanders anticipated the Allied landings in the Pas-de-Calais area.
• The purpose of the amphibious tanks carried by LCTs was to provide immediate infantry fire support once ashore.

Battle of Midway

• USS Saratoga was not present at the Battle of Midway.
• USS Yorktown was sunk during the Battle of Midway.
• Breaking Japanese naval codes was a key intelligence breakthrough for the US before the Battle of Midway.

Guadalcanal

• Japan's defeat in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal marked the end of their efforts to dislodge the Allied forces in the Eastern Solomons.
• The U.S. forces successfully thwarted the Japanese attempt to land their reinforcements at Henderson Field in early November.
• The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal was a critical turning point in the Pacific war, marking a major setback for Japan's expansionist ambitions.
• The tragic loss highlighting their impact on individual families was the significance of the Sullivan brothers' participation in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.
• Battle of Savo Island is considered the worst defeat in a single fleet action suffered by the United States Navy.
• The Battle of Savo Island had a decisive Japanese victory.

Battle of Leyte Gulf

• USS Johnston (DD-557) is famously known for its courageous stand against overwhelming Japanese forces during the Battle Off Samar.
• American forces used a coordinated charge with smaller vessels to counter the larger Japanese fleet during the Battle Off Samar.
• The primary Japanese objective of Operation Shō-Shō was to decisively cripple the Allied fleet in Leyte Gulf, disrupting their impending landings.
• The Kure-based carrier force, accompanied by a contingent of battleships and cruisers for protection was the composition of the First Mobile Fleet's Main Body, known as the 'Northern Force'.
• A strategic withdrawal, effectively drawing away the US Third Fleet from the Leyte Gulf area was the tactical maneuver the Japanese Northern Force successfully executed in the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
• The First Mobile Fleet's Northern Group was largely destroyed by Halsey's carrier air wings in the Battle of Cape Engaño, marking a significant defeat for Japan.
• The Southern Force was soundly defeated by the US Seventh Fleet, with heavy losses in battleships and other vessels, which describes the outcome of the Battle of Surigao Strait.
• The ability to successfully cross the “T” of the Japanese force, maximizing their firepower and inflicting significant damage was the tactical advantage the US Seventh Fleet possess in the Battle of Surigao Strait that contributed to their victory?
• The Brunei-based First Diversion Attack Force faced an ambush by US submarines in the Palawan Strait on October 23rd, followed by relentless attacks by US naval aircraft in the Sibuyan Sea on October 24th.
• A severe depletion of their aircraft and pilots due to previous battles and losses, significantly reducing their strike capabilities significantly contributed to the limited effectiveness of the Japanese carrier air groups in Operation Shō-Shō.
• The Battle of Leyte Gulf marked a crushing defeat for the Japanese Imperial Navy, significantly weakening their capabilities and hindering their resistance in the Pacific Theater.
• During the Battle of Surigao Strait, the USS West Virginia, Pennsylvania, California, Tennessee, and Maryland had all been sunk or heavily damaged during the attack on Pearl Harbor.
• U.S. forces successfully employed the tactic where the US fleet crossed the Japanese fleets “T” during the Battle of Surigao Strait.

Battle of Iwo Jima

• Preventing the Japanese from using the island as a base for launching attacks on the United States was not a reason for the U.S. to capture Iwo Jima.
• The primary objective of the Japanese defensive strategy during the Battle of Iwo Jima was to inflict heavy casualties on the Allied forces and delay the advance.
• The Japanese defensive strategy, which evolved between the battles of the Central Pacific in 1943 and 1944 and the Battle of Iwo Jima, focused on a more gradual, attrition-based defense.
• General Kuribayashi discouraged his subordinates from conducting banzai charges against the American forces on Iwo Jima.
• Mount Suribachi is the name of the dormant volcano on Iwo Jima.
• Iwo Jima's radar site was believed to provided early warning to Japanese home island air defenses, which was the main reason for targeting Iwo Jima in the Pacific theater strategy.
• The Japanese radar site on Iwo Jima forced B-29 bombers to take a longer, more circuitous route around the island.
• Navy destroyers provided direct gunfire support during the Iwo Jima operation.

Battle of Tassafaronga

• The primary objective of the U.S. Navy task force in the Battle of Tassafaronga was to intercept and destroy Japanese reinforcements heading to Guadalcanal.
• The Type 93 "Long Lance" torpedo caused significant damage to U.S. cruisers in the Battle of Tassafaronga.
• The U.S.S. New Orleans (CA-32) and the U.S.S. Minneapolis (CA-36) sustained damage in the Battle of Tassafaronga.
• The outcome of the Battle of Tassafaronga for the Japanese forces was a strategic setback, as they failed to deliver supplies despite sinking a U.S. cruiser.

USS Indianapolis

• The USS Indianapolis delivered the atomic bomb components to Tinian.
• The USS Indianapolis took approximately 12 minutes to sink after being torpedoed.
• The survivors of the USS Indianapolis disaster were in the water for 4 days, 3 nights before being rescued.

The Battle of the Atlantic

• Germany's primary goal in the early stages of the Battle of the Atlantic was to sink Allied warships and disrupt their supply lines to Britain.
• The United States supported Britain during the Battle of the Atlantic by providing direct military aid to Britain before entering the war.
• The "Two-Ocean Navy" legislation passed in the summer of 1940 formalized the United States' strategy to focus on both the Atlantic and Pacific theaters of war.
• The incident involving the U.S. destroyer Greer and a German submarine in September 1941, provided the justification for the United States to begin firing on German U-boats.
• A common tactic used by Allies to protect merchant ships from German U-boats during World War II was escorting merchant ships in convoys.
• German submarines moved their operations to less-protected waters in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean after facing increased resistance from the American Navy.
• The British interception of German message traffic, revealing vital intelligence about submarine locations, significantly aided the Allied efforts in combating the German submarine threat in the Atlantic.
• American industrial production contributed to the Allied victory in the Atlantic by constructing a large number of “Liberty” merchantmen and increasing naval vessel production, enabling a sustained flow of supplies.

Korean War

• The U.S. Navy fleet size dramatically decreased from the end of World War II to the start of the Korean War
• Proxy war refers to, a conflict instigated by one superpower but fought by other nations in the context of the Korean war

USS Forrestal Fire

• A stray electrical signal igniting a Zuni rocket triggered the catastrophic fire aboard USS Forrestal.
• Korean War/WW2–vintage bombs specifically caused havoc during the fire on the USS Forrestal
• Enhanced training for damage control readiness was a major outcome of the 1967 fire on the USS Forrestal.
• The firefighting team responded to the initial outbreak of the fire in fifty-four seconds.

USS Pueblo

• USS Pueblo was captured while outside internationally recognized North Korean territorial waters in 1968. and It is currently a museum in the North Korean capital of Pyongyang.
• Before the Pueblo incident, the prevailing assumption within the U.S. chain of command regarding the ship's defense that Internal law and naval tradition would protect the Pueblo from being forcibly boarded.
• A significant limitation of the.50-caliber machine guns on the Pueblo was that the crew lacked adequate training, and the guns required significant time to prepare for use"

Cold Way Era

• The successful detonation of an atomic bomb by the Soviet Union in 1949 had a significant impact on the Cold War
• D) To rebuild the economies of Western Europe and Japan to prevent the spread of communism main goal of the Marshall Plan, initiated by the United States after World War II?
• The primary ideological conflict that defined the Cold War, . A struggle between capitalist democracies advocating for individual freedoms and communist regimes promoting state control and suppression of dissent.

Cuban Missile Crisis

• The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 brought the U.S. and the Soviet Union close to nuclear war.
• The initial response of the United States to the construction of ballistic missile launch sites in Cuba was a naval blockade
• During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U.S. Navy maintained a naval blockade.
• During the crisis, U.S. Navy operated Submarines with Polaris missiles as the key Military resource.

Vietnam War

• The ship's radar systems were malfunctioning and unable to detect incoming threats, was the factor that significantly contributed to the USS Stark's vulnerability before the attack.

Operation Allied Force

• By launching Tomahawk cruise missiles against military targets in Iraq, did U.S. Navy contribute ,to 'softening the battlefield prior to the ground invasion of Kuwait?
• The navy ships launched Cruise missiles, to hit military targets in Iraq during Desert Storm?
• Long-range precision strike the capability of the U.S. Navy is demonstrated by the firing of Tomahawk missiles from the USS Missouri during Operation Desert Storm
• In 100 hours, the Iraqi army surrender during the ground invasion of Kuwait?
• In 1991 did operation Desert Storm occur?
• Around 240 ships involved in the U.S. deployment for operation Desert Shield?
• it take Two weeks to fall Baghdad after the invasion for Operation Iraqi Freedom began?

Pirate Interdiction and the US Navy

• USS Bainbridge is the U.S. Navy ship that responded to the hijacking of the M/V Maersk Alabama?

Operation Praying Mantis

• The event that is Significant, trigger to the execution of Operation Praying Mantis, was the strike on USS Samuel B. Roberts?
• Operation Praying Mantis result, largest warship sunk since World War II by the U.S. Navy Navy"
• What larger objective, the deterrence of the Iran, from laying minefields the operation "
• First and surface-to-surface missile was What did Navy ,the U.S accomplishe during the is Navy Operation Praying Mantis"

Sailors Tattoos

• The sailor who is sailing of the two swallows of a at least 10,000 nautical miles on sailing for of does the indicate, have tattoos is .

• The twin 'of 'meaning at with, that the screws tattoos is Signifies, the sailor that ship's can. Fix propellers the

• Having of the, having of the feet tattoo a is sea monsters, Sailor's pig at prevent too of. Purpose The ward a the on and A drowning and the was rooster a.

Goats and and the U.S., Navy

• At source and ,Navy of US-the the goats purpose of the the on ships were the days to. Primary milk Fresh of to pull cart On board also was a goat Navy of U.S. The on using.
• U.S Billy Goat-the was name. A The the the, Navy of first . mascot Legs B legs the A .sea goats in their, The of in their. Maintain the the they their where where where,. . the and sea weather,. where,. Weather or more or or ideal

Naval Athletic teams/The Ship Bell

• A ship's visibility-Warning regulations in poor,.mandatory regulations.to 1858.,became became.according British.according bells. B became British's Bells 1958

The A.a. cast bells the cast Constitution Paul.B.Bell cast Thomas

• Clock typically sundial and Bell. A. B or at
• A.B.surrender at striking-is surrendurflag surrendurflag
• Cease.fire or crew was surrendered to a Kearsarge flag off.cease colors.Kearsarge and the Alabama.Off.A. B and the B was Kearsarge France France off

Plank Owners

ship Naming

10 Gun Senate for.

The.C.Command pennant Pennant

The. D.D.Long.A. pennant Pennant

The.D.D.thirteen thirrteen. star star.C.burial ceremony for dead at.to. for the left.to the don't do, to.14.16,.4. the to.C.Lawrence at what. The .D.D.Jones at what. The .C.Farragut at what.44.

of the C.Forgy A.was. 15. 16 Kennedy B. Navy- Navy

• Higgins did C-Boats Navy, torpedo or for to A

for 1942.,joining to