US Judicial Branch Overview

US Judicial Branch

The US Judicial Branch is an essential component of the government, responsible for interpreting laws, administering justice, and ensuring the protection of individual rights. This branch is guided by the principle of judicial review, which allows courts to determine if laws conform to the Constitution.

Federal Courts

The federal judiciary consists of the US District Courts, which try most federal cases, and the US Courts of Appeal, which review decisions made by lower courts. The number of Supreme Court Justices has remained at nine since 1869, with one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices.

Federal judges are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, serving until their death, retirement, or conviction by the Senate. This design ensures that judges are insulated from temporary public passions and can apply the law with only justice in mind.

Supreme Court

The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States and is responsible for interpreting the Constitution. Justices are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and they serve until their death or retirement. The Court's main task is to decide cases that may differ from the U.S. Constitution.

Once the Supreme Court makes a decision in a case, it can only be changed by a later Supreme Court decision or by changing or amending the Constitution. This power can significantly impact the lives of many people and plays a crucial role in the US judicial system.

Core Values and Challenges

The federal judiciary aims to preserve and enhance its core values, such as the fair and impartial delivery of justice, public trust and confidence, effective and efficient management of resources, and a diverse workforce. Some fundamental issues that the judiciary must address include:

• Ensuring a diverse workforce and exemplary workplace for a highly qualified staff.
• Embracing technology's potential to improve access to justice and the efficiency of court operations.
• Maintaining a healthy balance between individual liberties and public safety.

The US Judicial Branch plays a vital role in preserving and enhancing the rule of law, ensuring the protection of individual rights, and maintaining a fair and impartial legal system. By adhering to the principles of judicial review and upholding the Constitution, the Judicial Branch serves as a critical counterbalance to the Executive and Legislative branches.