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IAH 203 PPT 16: U.S. Interventions and the Cold War

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What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine as discussed in the text?

To establish the U.S. as a protector of the Americas

Who coined the term 'Manifest Destiny' and what was its main idea?

John L. O’Sullivan, to justify U.S. expansion across North America

Which event resulted in Mexico losing half of its territory to the U.S.?

The Mexican American War

What significant infrastructure project was initiated in 1855 with involvement from New York financiers?

Opening of the Panama Railway

Which U.S. president signed the Monroe Doctrine into policy during his presidency?

John Quincy Adams

What was the main goal of the Manifest Destiny ideology according to John L. O’Sullivan?

To emphasize U.S. divine mission to spread democracy across the continent

What was the cause of the rejection of the Hay-Herrán Treaty by Colombia?

Colombia rejected U.S. control over a strip of land for $10.

What disease caused many deaths among workers during the construction of the Panama Canal?

Dysentery

Which Caribbean island provided the majority of workers for the construction of the Panama Canal?

Barbados

What was the main purpose of the U.S. interventions in various countries between 1898 and the early 1930s?

To protect U.S. lives and property

Which president introduced the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine in 1903?

Theodore Roosevelt

What major effect did the Panama Canal have on shipping routes?

It reduced shipping time significantly.

During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were bitter enemies due to their differences in:

Political ideologies

Which U.S. President is associated with the 'Good Neighbor Policy'?

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

The Truman Doctrine, announced in 1947, marked the beginning of the:

Cold War

Which event is usually considered the aftermath of World War II?

The division of Germany

What was the main reason for the United States to oppose European intervention in the Western Hemisphere?

To safeguard U.S. property and lives

The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was characterized by:

Indirect confrontations known as proxy wars

What was the U.S. tendency towards dictators in Latin America during the Cold War?

Support dictators over progressives fearing growth of socialism

Why did the U.S. see dictatorship as the lesser of two evils in Latin America?

To maintain the privileged positions of traditional elites in society

According to some scholars, what did the Cold War provide the U.S. with in Latin America?

Convenient excuse for imperialism

In U.S.-Latin America relations, what did traditional elites do to maintain their positions?

Formed strong alliances with the military and the U.S.

What was the primary concern of the U.S. regarding potential growth of socialism in Latin America?

Fear of socialism taking root in the region

Why did the U.S. tend to view dictatorship as a preferable option during the Cold War?

To prevent the rise of socialist leaders in Latin America

What policy was introduced by Franklin Delano Roosevelt to improve relations with Latin American countries?

Good Neighbor Policy

Which two ideologies did the United States and the Soviet Union champion respectively during the Cold War?

Communism and Capitalism

What marked the start of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union?

Truman Doctrine

Why is the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union termed a 'Cold War'?

Because of the bitter rivalry without direct conflict

What were the implications of the Cold War in Latin America?

U.S. desperate to keep Soviet influence out

What did the Truman Doctrine aim to do?

Contain the spread of communism

What was the primary motivation behind the Monroe Doctrine as discussed in the text?

To justify U.S. expansion and intervention in Latin America

In the context of the Panama Canal, what significant development occurred in 1855 involving New York financiers?

Opening of the Panama railway

What concept was associated with the belief that the U.S. had a divine mission to spread republican democracy?

Manifest Destiny

What historical event resulted in Mexico losing half of its territory to the United States?

Mexican American War

Which U.S. President is associated with the concept of Manifest Destiny and the idea of overspreading the continent?

John L. O’Sullivan

What was the implied role of the United States in the Americas according to the Monroe Doctrine?

Protector against European colonization

What was the U.S.'s tendency towards dictators in Latin America during the Cold War?

Seeing them as a necessary evil to counter socialism

Why did traditional elites in Latin America form strong alliances with the military and the U.S.?

To maintain their privileged positions in society

What did some scholars argue about the Cold War's impact on U.S. imperialism in Latin America?

It provided a convenient excuse for imperialism

Why did the U.S. tend to support dictatorship over progressives in Latin America during the Cold War?

To avoid the growth of socialism

What was the primary concern of the U.S. regarding the potential growth of socialism in Latin America?

Threat to capitalist interests

Why did some view dictatorship as the lesser of two evils for the U.S. during the Cold War?

To ensure political stability

What major health issues did workers face during the construction of the Panama Canal?

Dysentery, yellow fever, and malaria

What was the outcome of Colombia's rejection of the U.S. offer of $10 for control over a strip of land in 1902?

It led to Panama declaring independence with U.S. assistance

Which countries did the United States send military troops into between 1898 and the early 1930s?

Cuba, Puerto Rico, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Panama, Nicaragua, Mexico

Who initiated long-term U.S. military occupations in Haiti (1915-1934), The Dominican Republic (1916-1924), and Nicaragua (1909-1925)?

Woodrow Wilson

What was the purpose of President Theodore Roosevelt's Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?

To justify U.S. intervention in Latin America to maintain stability and protect American interests

What was the significance of completing the Panama Canal in 1914?

Reduced shipping time by 2 months and eliminated the need for traveling 8,000 nautical miles

What aspect of God's divine plan was emphasized in the Manifest Destiny ideology according to John L. O'Sullivan?

Expansion of republican democracy

Which country lost half of its territory to the United States during the Mexican American War?

Mexico

What was the primary goal of the Monroe Doctrine as perceived by the United States?

Defend and promote democracy

In what year did New York financiers open the Panama railway, which was a precursor to the Panama Canal?

1855

Who initiated the initial forays between the U.S. and Colombia (Panama) by opening the Panama railway in 1855?

New York financiers

What key event took place between 1846 and 1848 that resulted in Mexico losing half of its territory to the United States?

Texas Revolution

How did the rejection of the U.S. offer of $10 by Colombia in 1902 impact the Panama Canal project?

Resulted in the construction of an alternative canal route

What was a significant consequence of workers facing health issues such as dysentery and yellow fever during the construction of the Panama Canal?

High mortality rate among workers during the project

How did completing the Panama Canal in 1914 impact shipping routes?

Eliminated the need for a longer nautical route

What was a key characteristic of U.S. interventions in various countries between 1898 and the early 1930s?

Often justified under the guise of protecting U.S. lives and interests

What was a significant outcome of Panamanians declaring independence from Colombia in 1903?

Construction of the Panama Canal with U.S. assistance

What was one of the major challenges faced by workers during the construction of the Panama Canal?

High incidence of job accidents and injuries

What term is used to describe the period of tension and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II?

The Iron Curtain

Which U.S. President's foreign policy approach emphasized 'dollar diplomacy' in Latin American countries?

William Howard Taft

What was the primary reason for the United States and the Soviet Union becoming bitter enemies after World War II?

Differing views on democracy and communism

Which event is often credited as the official beginning of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union?

Signing of the Truman Doctrine

What characterized the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War in terms of direct conflict?

Direct military confrontations

Why did the United States strive to keep Soviet influence out of the Americas during the Cold War?

Desire to maintain regional dominance

In U.S.-Latin America relations during the Cold War, why did the U.S. perceive dictatorship as the lesser of two evils?

To prevent the spread of socialism

What was the primary reason for traditional elites in Latin America to form strong alliances with the military and the U.S. during the Cold War?

To maintain their privileged positions in society

Why did some scholars view the Cold War as a convenient excuse for U.S. imperialism in Latin America?

To provide a rationale for intervention

What was the main motivation behind the U.S. tendency to support dictators rather than progressives in Latin America during the Cold War?

Preventing communist influence

For the U.S., what was the primary concern regarding the potential growth of socialism in Latin America during the Cold War?

Threat to national security

Why did the traditional elites in Latin America seek to maintain their privileged positions by aligning with the military and the U.S. during the Cold War?

To preserve their status in society

Explore U.S. actions and policies towards Latin America pre-WWII, with a focus on specific examples of intervention during the Cold War era. Learn about significant figures like President James Monroe and John Quincy Adams, and delve into the 1823 Monroe Doctrine and its impact on American imperialism.

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