U.S. History: Missouri Compromise & Manifest Destiny
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary goal of the Union during the Civil War?

  • To wear down the Confederate will to fight through widespread destruction (correct)
  • To outlast the Confederate forces by maintaining defensive positions
  • To win battles on Southern soil to demoralize Confederate forces
  • To gain control of the Mississippi River and surrounding territories

Which battle is known as the turning point of the Civil War?

  • Battle of Antietam
  • Battle of Gettysburg (correct)
  • Battle of Vicksburg
  • Battle of Fort Sumter

Which of the following battles took place first?

  • Battle of Gettysburg
  • Battle of Antietam
  • Battle of Vicksburg
  • Battle of Fort Sumter (correct)

What was one consequence of the Union's victory at the Battle of Antietam?

<p>It led to the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a requirement for Southern states under Radical Reconstruction?

<p>They must pass the 14th Amendment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes Abraham Lincoln's approach to slavery during his presidency?

<p>Lincoln believed he could not interfere with slavery in states where it existed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary economic foundation of the Northern states during Lincoln's presidency?

<p>Industry and trade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant effect of the Emancipation Proclamation issued by Lincoln?

<p>It freed the slaves in Confederate states while maintaining slavery in border states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which battle or campaign is William T. Sherman notably associated with?

<p>Atlanta Campaign (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who served as the president of the Confederate States of America?

<p>Jefferson Davis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson's death?

<p>The Confederate army's leadership suffered a major setback. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major factor in the Union's victory at Appomattox Courthouse?

<p>Sherman's destruction of supply lines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Lincoln's Gettysburg Address relate to the American Revolution?

<p>It connected the sacrifices of the Revolution to the Civil War. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Missouri Compromise?

<p>To balance the number of free and slave states (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event directly led to the start of the Mexican-American War?

<p>The annexation of Texas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo achieve for the United States?

<p>It established new territories including California and Nevada (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Compromise of 1850?

<p>The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Dred Scott vs. Sanford ruling?

<p>It stated that slaves were considered property (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes sectionalism?

<p>Political loyalty to one's specific region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did John Brown believe was his divine mission?

<p>To end slavery through violent means (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following candidates ran for president in the election of 1860?

<p>Stephen A. Douglas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Missouri Compromise

A compromise settling the issue of slavery in newly acquired territories, primarily from the Louisiana Purchase. It balanced the number of free and slave states.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the United States was destined to expand across North America, often justified by religious or nationalistic ideals.

Mexican-American War

Conflict between the United States and Mexico over territory, notably the annexation of Texas and the US claim to the Rio Grande border.

Compromise of 1850

A series of agreements designed to avoid conflict over slavery, mainly concerning California's entry as a free state and the Fugitive Slave Act.

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Sectionalism (Civil War)

Strong loyalty to one's region of the country, often causing conflicts, such as those over slavery in the West during the 1850s and 1860s.

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

Law allowing popular sovereignty in deciding the status of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska, effectively overturning prior compromises.

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Dred Scott v. Sanford

Supreme Court ruling declaring slaves as property and upholding slavery's protection under the Constitution.

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Presidential Election of 1860

Election where the candidates' different stances on slavery further exacerbated the crisis leading to the American Civil War.

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Confederate Advantage

The Confederates only needed to fight defensively and outlast the Union's desire to wage war.

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Battle of Antietam

The deadliest single-day battle in American history, fought in September 1862 on Union soil. A decisive Union victory that encouraged Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

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Battle of Vicksburg

Union victory in May-June 1863, securing control of the Mississippi River, effectively splitting the Confederacy in two.

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Battle of Gettysburg

The turning point of the war in July 1863, a pivotal Union victory that marked the Confederacy's last major offensive attempt.

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Presidential Reconstruction

President Lincoln's plan to readmit Confederate states back into the Union, requiring them to abolish slavery and have 10% of their voters pledge loyalty.

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Lincoln's Election

Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican president in November 1860, leading to South Carolina's secession in December.

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Northern Economy

Predominantly industrial and trade-based, the North had 71% of US population, 71% of the railroad network, and favored a strong national government.

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Southern Economy

Primarily agricultural, relying on slave labor, with 29% US population and 29% railroads network, favoring state governments.

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Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln's 1863 declaration that freed slaves in Confederate states, but not in border states.

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General Robert E. Lee

Highly skilled Confederate general who surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the Civil War.

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General Ulysses S. Grant

Union general known for his tactical skills and aggressive approach, ultimately defeating Lee.

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Sherman's March to the Sea

Union General Sherman's destructive campaign through Georgia, targeting infrastructure and severing supply lines to the Confederacy.

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Gettysburg Address

Lincoln's speech at a cemetery honoring the fallen soldiers, focusing on the need for the war to continue to honor their sacrifices.

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Study Notes

Missouri Compromise

  • Slavery was a major issue arising from the Louisiana Purchase
  • This issue concerned the balance of free and slave states
  • Henry Clay proposed a compromise: restricting slavery in most of the Louisiana territory, except Missouri
  • Maine (free) and Missouri (slave) were admitted to the Union as separate states
  • This aimed to maintain balance between free and slave states

Polk and Manifest Destiny

  • Polk, the 11th president, pursued territorial expansion for the United States
  • Included expansion into Mexico and Oregon Territory
  • Manifest Destiny: A belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America
  • This spurred the Mexican War

Mexican War

  • Triggered by the annexation of Texas and the border dispute with Mexico
  • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Established the Rio Grande as the border between the U.S. and Mexico
  • Mexico ceded California, Nevada, New Mexico to the U.S., in exchange for $$15 million USD

Sectionalism

  • Political loyalty to one's region of the country
  • The Mexican-American War heightened conflicts between pro- and anti-slavery groups over western territories
  • Concerns arose over whether new territories would allow slavery

Compromise of 1850

  • Admitted California as a free state
  • Required citizens to assist in apprehending runaway slaves
  • Abolished the slave trade in Washington D.C.

Causes of the Civil War

  • Kansas-Nebraska Act: Allowed these states to decide on the issue of slavery themselves (repealing the Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850)
  • Dred Scott vs. Sanford (1857): Slaves were considered property, protected by the US constitution
  • John Brown's raid: Brown led a group against a federal armory believing it was his duty to end slavery

Northern and Southern Economies

  • North: Industry and trade
  • South: Agriculture, heavily reliant on slave labor
  • Differences in economies and social structures contributed to the widening divide between North and South

Presidential Election of 1860

  • Lincoln's election as the first Republican president triggered Southern secession

General Robert E. Lee

  • Highly capable Confederate general (Union commander Ulysses S. Grant was an aggressive approach to winning the Civil War)

William T. Sherman

  • Union General known for the Atlanta Campaign and his march to the sea (Savannah)

Reconstruction

  • Presidential Reconstruction: Southern states readmitted to the Union if 10% of voters pledged loyalty and abolished slavery
  • Radical Reconstruction: Stronger measures passed the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments (ending slavery, and giving rights to formerly enslaved people)

Black Codes

  • Laws enacted in the South to restrict the freedom and rights of African Americans
  • Part of the resistance against the freedoms given after slavery

Freedmen's Bureau

  • Established to assist newly freed slaves in adjusting to freedom
  • Provided essential services: food, clothing, and education, to assist African Americans
  • Supported the establishment of black communities.

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Related Documents

Unit 4 US History Notes PDF

Description

Explore the pivotal events of the U.S. history, including the Missouri Compromise, Polk's Manifest Destiny, and the Mexican War. Understand the balance between free and slave states and the territorial expansion that shaped the nation. This quiz will test your knowledge on these important historical moments.

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