US History: Adams to Jefferson

<p>Reduced military spending (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control over the Mississippi River (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Corps of Discovery expedition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It devastated U.S. commerce (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increased conflict with Native American tribes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It took place after the Treaty was signed and boosted U.S. nationalism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He created earthworks and trenches for high-ground advantage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were purchased by Jackson from slave owners for the battle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maintained the balance between free and slave states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent further European colonization in the Americas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To secretly attack Fort Pensacola without provoking war. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To celebrate a military victory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It showcased Jackson's military leadership and led to U.S. control of Florida. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It sparked heightened tensions between the North and South. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The harsh penalties imposed on those who assisted fugitives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow territories to decide on slavery through popular sovereignty. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A series of violent conflicts between opposing political groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Brown (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allowed slavery to be determined by local voting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete abolition of slavery in Washington D.C. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He stated secession was illegal but thought the government could not intervene. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kentucky Amendment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To blockade Southern ports to cut off supplies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It declared all enslaved people in Confederate-held territories to be free. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The firing upon the Star of the West. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The western region opposed both secession and slavery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planters and those who paid $500. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Habeas Corpus suspension. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manifest Destiny (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lost the majority of their supplies due to oxen dying. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sam Houston (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They chose to remain and died in guilt. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remember the Alamo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They ran out of food supplies and faced starvation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overloading their wagons prematurely. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It served as a symbol of resistance against oppression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Underreporting of enslaved people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotion and individualism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The grandfather of Romanticism and Transcendentalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Citizens must resist unjust government actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>William Henry Harrison (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Following the death of a sitting president (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-reliance and personal intuition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inspiration for civil rights movements and leaders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Map the territories and establish trades with natives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The controversial nature of the duel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>She acted as an interpreter and signaled peaceful intentions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trade restrictions and impressment of sailors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bluffing to intimidate the enemy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant need for loans to finance the war effort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ambush by Native American allies with British troops (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He reportedly abandoned critical documents upon evacuation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>21 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marketable skills they possessed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fancy Girls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilmot Proviso (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slave-Holding Farmers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John C. Calhoun (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective breeding of strong slaves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It solidified his reputation as a war hero. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$30,000-$50,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It banned slavery north of the 36°30′ latitude in the Louisiana Territory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent further European colonization in the Americas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He conducted an unauthorized attack on a Spanish fort. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pirates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They underestimated Jackson's diverse troop composition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A peaceful relationship post-War of 1812 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It showcased Jackson's capabilities as a military leader. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heightened tensions leading to the Civil War (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By blockading ports to disrupt trade and supplies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exemptions for wealthy planters who could afford substitutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To free enslaved people only in Confederate-held territories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He regarded it as illegal but felt powerless to intervene. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It failed to gain the required ratification to become law. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strengthening Fort Sumter before the outbreak of war (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The government's power to detain without trial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He felt it would lead to further division. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sic Semper Tyrannis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attempting to seize the presidency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lewis Powell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were hanged for their involvement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of internal unity among Confederate states (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desire to serve his home state of Virginia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediate end to slavery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By leading enslaved people to freedom via the Underground Railroad (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>States should determine their own stance on slavery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The question of slavery in new territories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abolition of slavery and women's rights (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To undermine American morale during the war (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Included pirates, free blacks, and militiamen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ended hostilities between the U.S. and Britain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He constructed earthworks to gain higher ground (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aimed to maintain balance between free and slave states (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warning against European interference in the Americas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He supported Jackson's unauthorized attack on the Spanish fort (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They inspired him to write a poem that became the national anthem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It disrupted the balance between free and slave states. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conflicting state governments established by settlers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dependence on cotton exports for revenue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to increased support for the abolition movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Issued the Emancipation Proclamation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle of popular sovereignty to determine slavery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He faced significant resource shortages and internal divisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Pottawatomie Massacre. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To advocate for the immediate end of slavery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allowed for the continuation of the slave trade in Washington D.C. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to widespread political violence and unrest. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harriet Tubman (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slavery should not be allowed to grow beyond its existing borders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$1000 in fines and up to 6 months in prison. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He wanted to fight for the Confederacy to lessen casualties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The question of slavery in new states and territories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bribes demanded by French officials for diplomatic negotiations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to a backlash against the Federalist Party and restrictions on free speech. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Louisiana Purchase which expanded U.S. territory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It severely harmed U.S. commerce and led to widespread economic distress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To find a transcontinental trade route to the Pacific. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrated the complex dynamics of slavery and race relations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ultimately expanded the U.S. territory and facilitated westward expansion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Declare laws unconstitutional, enhancing the judiciary's role. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slavery was morally wrong and should not expand into new territories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Popular sovereignty, allowing each territory to decide on slavery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increased Southern fears of slave uprisings and galvanized Northern support for abolitionists. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>South Carolina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lincoln received only 40% of the popular vote, but this was enough due to a divided opposition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong military leadership and familiarity with the terrain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He thought they should return to Africa. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fighting an offensive war with less experienced military leadership. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To document new species and territories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By serving as an interpreter and symbol of peace (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He led the U.S. Navy to a critical victory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tornado impacting the White House (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disputes over trade restrictions and sailor impressment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provided initial maps for European settlers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An alliance of Native Americans with British troops (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He was fatally wounded and later died (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

French officials demanded bribes from the U.S. for peace negotiations.

Laws restricting free speech and immigrant rights, causing a political backlash.

Supreme Court case establishing judicial review to declare laws unconstitutional.

U.S. law prohibiting trade with foreign nations, hurting American commerce.

U.S. doubled its size by purchasing land from France for $15 million.

Expedition led by Lewis and Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory.

Second U.S. President, facing diplomatic issues with France during undeclared conflict.

Third U.S President, Reduced military spending and repealed the Whiskey Tax.

The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 between the US and Britain, restoring peace.

A battle fought after the War of 1812 officially ended; Jackson's victory boosted US pride.

Jackson led an unauthorized attack on the Spanish fort at Pensacola; This attack towards Spain lead to trading.

A compromise to maintain balance between free and slave states in the US, creating a balance between slavery and anti-slavery states

A US policy preventing European colonization or interference in the Americas.

Agreement that formally ended the War of 1812 and restored peace between the US and Britain.

Various military strategies and tactics involving Jackson, like employing frontier militia, creole aristocrats, free blacks, and pirates that impacted the outcome of The Battle of New Orleans.

Spain ceded Florida to the US as a result of conflict between Jackson, the Spanish fort in Pensacola and Madrid.

The 1840 U.S. Census had problems like incomplete data, inconsistent categories (especially for free blacks), underreporting (of enslaved people), and errors by enumerators.

A literary and artistic movement emphasizing emotion, individualism, and nature instead of reason.

A US philosophical movement prioritizing individualism, intuition, and the connection between humans and nature.

Key figure in Romanticism and Transcendentalism, promoting intuition and nature.

Transcendentalist activist known for 'Civil Disobedience', advocating resistance to unjust laws.

William Henry Harrison's presidency was the shortest in US history, lasting only 31 days.

John Tyler became president after William Henry Harrison's death, and signed the annexation of Texas.

Westward expansion and immigration influenced the 1840 census data, which showed population growth and distribution changes.

A series of laws aimed at resolving tensions over slavery, allowing California as a free state, setting Texas's border, enacting the Fugitive Slave Act, and making the issue of slavery in New Mexico ambiguous.

This law required citizens to help capture runaway slaves and penalized those who aided them. It intensified Northern abolitionist sentiment.

As the 12th President, Zachary Taylor opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories, which alienated Southern leaders.

This act allowed territories to decide if they would be free or slave states through popular sovereignty, effectively overriding the Missouri Compromise.

A period of violent conflict in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers, ignited by the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

An abolitionist who led violent acts in Kansas and a raid on Harper's Ferry, seeking to incite a slave rebellion.

A Democratic senator who advocated for popular sovereignty in the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Stephen Douglas, a Democratic senator from Illinois, argued for 'popular sovereignty' in the Kansas-Nebraska Act, allowing territories to decide on slavery through voting.

A belief that the United States was divinely ordained to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

A group of pioneers led by George Donner who got stranded in the Sierra Nevada mountains during winter, leading to starvation and cannibalism.

Commander of the Texian Army and the first president of the Republic of Texas, known for his victory at the Battle of San Jacinto.

A decisive battle in the Texas Revolution, where the Texian forces led by Sam Houston defeated the Mexican army, capturing General Santa Anna.

A pivotal battle in the Texas Revolution where Texian defenders fought bravely against a larger Mexican force led by General Santa Anna, resulting in the death of all Texian defenders.

It became a symbol of Texan resistance and a rallying cry for independence, inspiring Texians to continue fighting for their freedom despite the heavy losses.

It justified American expansion and led to the annexation of Texas, the Mexican-American War, and the acquisition of Oregon and California, but also resulted in conflicts with Native Americans and Mexico.

They were delayed due to late departure, took a risky shortcut, lost supplies, and became trapped in the Sierra Nevada mountains during winter, leading to starvation and cannibalism.

The 15th president of the United States, James Buchanan, is often criticized for his inaction leading up to the Civil War. He failed to prevent the secession of Southern states, believing at first that their threats were a bluff. Although he deemed secession illegal, he also believed the federal government lacked the authority to stop it.

An American battleship sent to reinforce Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. However, Confederate forces opened fire on the ship, marking one of the first hostile acts of the Civil War, escalating tensions and signifying the beginning of the conflict.

This proposed amendment aimed to safeguard slavery in states where it already existed. However, it was never ratified, highlighting the growing national divide and the failure to find a compromise on the issue of slavery.

This amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude throughout the United States. It was a defining moment in the fight for equality and human rights.

During the Civil War, the state of Virginia was divided. The western region opposed secession and slavery, leading to the formation of West Virginia, which joined the Union as a separate state in 1863.

This legal principle, which translates to 'to process the body,' guarantees a person’s right to be brought before a court and have their detention reviewed. However, during wartime, the suspension of habeas corpus allows the government to detain individuals without judicial oversight, as seen in the Civil War.

A military strategy developed by General Winfield Scott to cripple the Confederacy economically and militarily. The plan aimed to choke the South by blocking its ports, controlling major waterways, and capturing its capital, Richmond.

Both the North and South implemented drafts to recruit soldiers for the war. The Confederacy introduced conscription in 1862, the first time in American history. However, wealthy planters and those who could afford $500 could avoid fighting or find substitutes. The Union implemented a similar draft in 1863, allowing wealthy individuals to pay $300 to avoid service or hire substitutes, highlighting the social and economic disparities in wartime.

Led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, the Corps of Discovery explored the Louisiana Territory, mapping the land, establishing trade with Native Americans, and asserting U.S. sovereignty. The expedition also discovered over 300 new species and built relationships with native tribes.

A young Native American woman who joined the Lewis and Clark expedition with her husband, Toussaint Charbonneau. She served as an interpreter, communicating between the expedition and native tribes, and her presence helped signal peaceful intentions.

A duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr resulted in Hamilton's death. Their long rivalry culminated in a confrontation in Weehawken, New Jersey, where Burr, a duel to Hamilton's death.

Key wrote the poem "The Star-Spangled Banner" during the War of 1812, witnessing the British attack on Fort McHenry. This poem later became the national anthem.

The conflict between the United States and Great Britain arose from trade restrictions, the impressment of American sailors, and British support for Native American attacks on American settlers.

The war fostered American nationalism and solidified U.S. sovereignty. It highlighted the country's military and financial vulnerabilities, leading to crucial reforms.

In the War of 1812, Oliver Hazard Perry was a skilled naval commander who led the U.S. Navy to victory over the British in the Battle of Lake Erie. He used tactics and bluffs that surprised the British and contributed significantly to the American victory.

Native Americans, allied with British forces, launched a surprise attack on Fort Mims, resulting in the deaths of over 500 settlers. The massacre was a brutal reminder of the conflict on the frontier.

During the War of 1812, British forces set fire to the White House after a celebratory party, causing significant damage.

This battle, fought in 1814, inspired Francis Scott Key to write the poem that became the lyrics for the Star-Spangled Banner.

During this time period, Florida, especially Pensacola, was seen as a ‘deadland’ filled with Greek refugees and runaway slaves. General Andrew Jackson's capture of Fort Pensacola paved the way for American acquisition of Florida.

Wealthy Southern landowners who owned large plantations and used enslaved labor to cultivate cash crops like cotton, tobacco, and sugar. They typically owned 20 or more slaves.

Smaller-scale agricultural workers, mostly independent, who owned 1 to 19 slaves. Some were subsistence farmers, while others grew cash crops but on a smaller scale.

The average life expectancy of slaves was tragically low, around 21 years old. Most slaves died before reaching their first birthday, with only a small percentage living beyond 50 years old.

Slave owners encouraged reproduction by forcing slaves to bear children. It was seen as a way to increase the slave population.

A proposal that aimed to ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico, including California and New Mexico, after the Mexican-American war.

A set of resolutions passed by John C. Calhoun in 1847, defending the rights of slaveholders and arguing that Congress had no power to restrict slavery in the territories.

A politician and statesman known for his efforts to broker compromises, seeking to ease sectional tensions between the North and the South during the slavery debate.

The South had a strict social hierarchy with planters at the top, followed by slave-holding farmers, middling farmers, landless whites, and slaves at the bottom.

The Confederacy faced challenges like a smaller population, limited industrial capabilities, reliance on cotton exports for revenue, a weak navy, and fewer troops compared to the Union.

He served as the president of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. Davis struggled to unite the Confederacy and manage the war effort, facing internal divisions, resource shortages, and ultimately military defeat.

Robert E. Lee was a military leader who initially served in the Union army but resigned to join the Confederacy. He became the Commander of the Confederate Forces, believing that doing so would lead to fewer casualties.

Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation in 1863 declaring all slaves in Confederate states to be free. This shifted the focus of the war to ending slavery and brought a moral dimension to the conflict.

A former slave who became a prominent abolitionist and writer. Douglass published influential works and advocated for the abolition of slavery, civil rights, and women’s suffrage.

A prominent abolitionist and women’s rights activist who gained her freedom in 1827. She fought tirelessly against slavery, supported the Union during the Civil War, and advocated for racial and gender equality.

A former slave who escaped to freedom and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading over 70 enslaved people to freedom. She was a symbol of courage and resistance.

Advocated for the immediate end of slavery. They believed slavery was morally wrong and should be abolished without delay.

President Lincoln rejected a bill requiring a loyalty oath for Confederate states to rejoin the Union, believing it would not unify the nation.

President Abraham Lincoln was fatally shot by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer, while attending a play at Ford's Theatre.

John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor, assassinated Lincoln believing it would revive the Confederacy and avenge the South's defeat.

Booth's plot involved killing not only Lincoln but also Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William Seward to destabilize the Union government.

A law passed during Jefferson's Presidency that prohibited American trade with all foreign nations, harming U.S. commerce.

An enslaved woman at Jefferson's Monticello Plantation who had a long-term relationship with Jefferson, bearing six of his children.

A tax on whiskey repealed by Jefferson during his presidency to reduce the federal debt and appease farmers.

During the early 19th century, Florida was considered a 'deadland', primarily inhabited by runaway slaves seeking refuge and Greek refugees. This region presented a unique mix of people and historical significance.

Pirates played a significant role in the Battle of New Orleans due to the lack of a strong American Navy. The involvement of pirates demonstrated the resourcefulness of the American forces and their willingness to utilize unconventional methods to defend their territory.

Zachary Taylor, the 12th president, opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories. This alienated Southern leaders, who feared the decline of their power.

It intensified the abolitionist movement in the North. People were outraged by the harshness of the law and its impact on free states.

A series of seven debates during the Illinois Senate race, primarily focused on slavery, where Lincoln challenged Douglas’s position on slavery’s expansion.

The idea that each territory should decide the issue of slavery through a vote by its residents.

An attempt to arm enslaved people for a rebellion by raiding a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

Abraham Lincoln's election as president, despite not receiving a majority of the popular vote, triggered the secession of Southern states.

Eleven Southern states left the Union following Lincoln's election, forming the Confederate States of America.

The Union had advantages like a larger population, industrial base, railroads, and a strong navy, while the Confederacy had advantages like strong military leadership and familiarity with the terrain.

A nation formed by the eleven Southern states that seceded from the Union following Lincoln's election.

The Union (Northern states) fought to preserve the United States, oppose slavery, and maintain national unity, while the Confederacy (Southern states) fought to defend their right to slavery and the right to secede.