U.S. History II Exam Four Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

Which action directly escalated the U.S. military presence in Vietnam?

  • The Tet Offensive
  • The assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem
  • The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (correct)
  • The fall of Saigon

    • What was a common result of the Tet Offensive in the United States?

  • Reduced military draft numbers
  • Increased support for the Vietnam War
  • Formation of additional military alliances
  • Heightened anti-war protests (correct)

    • Which organization was established to expand women's rights in the 1960s?

  • United Farm Workers (UFW)
  • American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
  • National Organization for Women (NOW) (correct)
  • Vietnam Veterans of America

    • Who led North Vietnam during the Vietnam War?

    <p>Ho Chi Minh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes Malcolm X's approach to Civil Rights?

    <p>He endorsed a more radical and direct approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Comintern?

    <p>To promote world revolution by communist parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major outcome was discussed during the Yalta Conference?

    <p>Dividing Germany and Austria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the 'iron curtain' as stated by Winston Churchill?

    <p>It illustrated the spread of communism in Eastern Europe and its global ambitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective of the Truman Doctrine?

    <p>To contain the spread of communism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event tested U.S. resolve against the Soviet Union after World War II?

    <p>The Berlin Airlift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was NATO created for?

    <p>To establish mutual defense among the U.S., Canada, and Western Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did George Kennan introduce in 1946 regarding Soviet conduct?

    <p>Containment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conference primarily discussed post-war issues related to Germany?

    <p>Potsdam Conference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Richard Nixon's primary strategies regarding the Vietnam War?

    <p>Expand the bombing campaign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of Nixon's domestic program?

    <p>New Federalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which significant environmental agencies were established during Nixon's presidency?

    <p>OSHA and EPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What international policy did Nixon pursue to ease Cold War tensions?

    <p>Diplomatic relations with both China and the Soviet Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to Richard Nixon's resignation from the presidency?

    <p>The Watergate scandal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Ford's approach to foreign relations?

    <p>Ford worked to improve relations with China, relying on Kissinger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event during Carter's presidency severely impacted U.S. foreign relations?

    <p>The Iran hostage crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main goals of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act of 1985?

    <p>To eliminate the federal deficit by 1991.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major achievement is associated with Ronald Reagan during his presidency?

    <p>Signing several nuclear treaties with Mikhail Gorbachev.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the state of the economy during Ford's presidency?

    <p>The economy experienced high inflation and unemployment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant treaty was signed during Bush's presidency that involved nuclear weapons reduction?

    <p>START</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the three key actions Bill Clinton proposed to reduce the budget deficit?

    <p>Cut government spending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event was linked to Bush's foreign policy during his presidency?

    <p>Operation Desert Storm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change did Clinton make regarding the welfare system during his second term?

    <p>Reformed the welfare system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the legislative agenda that the Republicans promoted during the 1994 Congressional elections?

    <p>Contract with America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson?

    <p>It legalized segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is associated with Rosa Parks?

    <p>The Montgomery Bus Boycott</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary domestic program initiated by John F. Kennedy?

    <p>The New Frontier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key feature of Lyndon B. Johnson's 'Great Society' program?

    <p>An increase in federal spending on social programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major action did Kennedy take during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

    <p>He enacted a quarantine of Cuba.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legislative accomplishment is associated with Lyndon B. Johnson?

    <p>The Civil Rights Act of 1964</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Martin Luther King, Jr. was known for advocating which method of protest?

    <p>Civil disobedience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Arkansas governor was involved in the Central High School crisis in Little Rock?

    <p>Orval Faubus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    U.S. History II Exam Four Study Guide

    • Comintern was the Communist Party's formal instrument for world revolution.
    • Tehran and Yalta Conferences were crucial for post-World War II policy formulation. The Tehran Conference planned a second front in France (1944) and discussed the concept of "Four Policemen" to oversee post-war Germany. Yalta discussed Eastern Europe, Soviet involvement in the war against Japan, division of Germany and Austria, and the formation of the United Nations.
    • The Potsdam Conference focused on postwar Germany and the Nazi war crimes trials; also addressed the unconditional surrender of Japan and the atomic bomb.
    • The "Iron Curtain" was Winston Churchill's term for the Soviet Union's communist control of Eastern Europe.
    • The Truman Doctrine was designed to contain communism's spread.
    • The Berlin Airlift was an early test of resolve between the U.S. and Soviet Union, aiding West Berlin when the Soviets blocked supplies.
    • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was a mutual defense alliance formed to counter the Soviet Union.
    • George Kennan's "Long Telegram" introduced the concept of containment.
    • The National Security Act of 1947 created the CIA, National Security Council, and the Department of Defense.
    • The Marshall Plan was an economic initiative to rebuild post-war Europe, implementing containment policies through aid.
    • President Truman's Executive Order 9981 abolished racial discrimination in the armed forces.

    Korean War

    • The Korean War conflict was a proxy war between communist North Korea and capitalist South Korea.
    • The Korean War was a "police action" rather than a declared war.
    • MacArthur's and Truman's differing strategies regarding the war led to MacArthur's dismissal.

    Cold War Fears

    • The Cold War engendered fears of communist expansion.
    • Eisenhower followed a "middle-of-the-road" domestic policy but pursued an anti-communist foreign policy.
    • McCarthyism, named after Senator Joseph McCarthy, epitomized the fear of communism and made unsubstantiated accusations.
    • The Federal Highway Act of 1956 significantly expanded the U.S. interstate highway system.

    Civil Rights

    • Truman's efforts to advance civil rights split the Democratic Party.
    • The Supreme Court overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision.
    • Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her bus seat in Montgomery launched the Montgomery bus boycott, a pivotal event in the Civil Rights Movement.
    • Martin Luther King Jr. led the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), advocating nonviolent protest.
    • The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

    Vietnam War

    • The Vietnam War was a complex conflict in Southeast Asia where the U.S. supported South Vietnam against communist North Vietnam and the Viet Cong.
    • The Tet Offensive was a major turning point in the war.
    • The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gave President Johnson greater authority to escalate military action in Vietnam.
    • The "domino theory" was a justification for American involvement in Vietnam, asserting that if one Southeast Asian country fell to communism, others would follow.
    • The Vietnam War ended officially after a peace treaty was signed in 1975.

    Nixon Administration

    • Détente, a policy of easing Cold War tensions, characterized Nixon's presidency.
    • Nixon visited both China and the Soviet Union.
    • The Watergate scandal resulted in Nixon's resignation.
    • Nixon appointed Henry Kissinger as National Security Advisor, who was instrumental in foreign policy.

    Ford Administration

    • Ford's presidency was marked by economic struggles and challenges in foreign policy.
    • Inflation and unemployment were issues he contended with.

    Carter Administration

    • The Carter administration was affected by the Iran hostage crisis.
    • The Iran hostage crisis was a major foreign policy challenge for Carter.

    Reagan Administration

    • Reagan's presidency pursued a conservative, anti-communist foreign policy.
    • Reagan worked with Gorbachev, the Soviet leader, on nuclear arms reduction talks.
    • The Cold War concluded with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

    Clinton Administration

    • Clinton proposed reducing the budget deficit.
    • NAFTA, a free trade agreement, was ratified during Clinton's presidency.

    Bush Sr. and Bush Jr. Presidencies

    • Bush Sr. (George H.W. Bush) faced issues like the economy, terrorism, and the start of the "War on Terror."
    • Bush Jr.'s (George W. Bush) presidency involved large tax cuts, economic stimulation goals, and increased military action overseas.
    • Bush Jr.'s second term focused primarily on the war on terror.

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    U.S. History II Exam Four Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Prepare for your U.S. History II Exam with this comprehensive study guide. Focus on critical events such as the Tehran and Yalta Conferences, the Truman Doctrine, and the Berlin Airlift. Understand key concepts like the 'Iron Curtain' and NATO's formation to ace your exam.

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