US History: Fugitive Slave Act & Dred Scott Case
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What was a consequence of the Fugitive Slave Act for those aiding runaway slaves?

  • They were allowed to keep any runaway slaves.
  • They could form legal defenses in court.
  • They faced fines or imprisonment. (correct)
  • They received a reward for their efforts.

What did the Fugitive Slave Act encourage?

  • Formation of anti-slavery political parties.
  • Enhanced legal protections for runaway slaves.
  • Increased abolitionist activity.
  • Bounty hunters and slave catchers. (correct)

How did abolitionists react to the Fugitive Slave Act?

  • They were indifferent since it did not affect them.
  • They supported it as a compromise.
  • They were outraged, believing the government favored slavery. (correct)
  • They attempted to negotiate for its repeal.

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

<p>Dred Scott remained enslaved and blacks were not citizens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue did the Fugitive Slave Act address?

<p>Questions of slavery in territories acquired by Mexico. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the South believe about Lincoln's presidency?

<p>He would end slavery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Republican Party's stance on slavery in the Presidential Election of 1860?

<p>Opposition to the expansion of slavery into new territories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who did the Republican Party nominate in the Presidential Election of 1860?

<p>Abraham Lincoln (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many southern states seceded before Lincoln's inauguration?

<p>7 southern states (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant characteristic of the Confederacy's population?

<p>The population was mostly enslaved people. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributed to Lincoln's victory in the Presidential Election of 1860?

<p>The North had a larger population than the South. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage did the Union have in terms of military replenishment?

<p>A larger population to draw soldiers from. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What industrial advantage did the North have during the Civil War?

<p>Factories for manufactured goods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the naval blockade of the southern coast in 1861?

<p>To prevent cotton trade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did the Union employ that involved relentless attacks despite high casualties?

<p>War of attrition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year was the Emancipation Proclamation issued?

<p>1863 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Fugitive Slave Act?

<p>A law that allowed runaway slaves to be recaptured in free states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did slaveholders believe about the North's compliance with the Fugitive Slave Act?

<p>They felt the North wasn't following the law completely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Fugitive Slave Act a part of?

<p>The Compromise of 1850.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the year of the Dred Scott v. Sandford case?

<p>1857</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Dred Scott's argument regarding his status?

<p>He argued that his time in free territory made him free.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court declare unconstitutional in the Dred Scott decision?

<p>It was unconstitutional to restrict the expansion of slavery, including the Missouri Compromise and popular sovereignty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did abolitionists and free-soilers react to the Dred Scott decision?

<p>They were enraged that the court would make such a decision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the state of the Democratic party during the Presidential Election of 1860?

<p>It was divided over slavery and had two candidates</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who won the Presidential Election of 1860?

<p>Abraham Lincoln</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which states did Lincoln win in the Presidential Election of 1860?

<p>Every free state but not any slave states</p> Signup and view all the answers

What demographic factor contributed to Lincoln's victory in the Presidential Election of 1860?

<p>The north had more population than the south</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the population of the Union compare to the Confederacy?

<p>The Union had more than 2x the Confederacy's population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of farmland in the North compared to the South?

<p>Northern farmland focused on producing food, while Southern farmland focused on cash crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which side had a larger railroad network during the Civil War?

<p>The North had a larger railroad network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the North's railroad network?

<p>It made it easier to transport troops and supplies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Union's military strategy during the Civil War?

<p>Anaconda plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key objective of the Union in 1863 regarding the Mississippi River?

<p>To seize control of the Mississippi River</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of controlling the Mississippi River on the Confederacy?

<p>It prevented the flow of goods and troops and isolated Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana from the Confederacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Union's strategy exhaust the Confederacy's capacity to continue the war?

<p>Through relentless attacks and destruction of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of order was the Emancipation Proclamation?

<p>Executive Order from Lincoln</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Emancipation Proclamation proclaim for enslaved people in the Confederacy?

<p>It proclaimed all enslaved people in the Confederacy free.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one intention behind the Emancipation Proclamation?

<p>To remove a source of labor and wealth from the Confederacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Did the Emancipation Proclamation free slaves in border states?

<p>No, it didn't free slaves in border states like Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the morale of the Union?

<p>It strengthened the morale of the Union by making the war about ending slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one diplomatic effect of the Emancipation Proclamation?

<p>It prevented Great Britain from allying with the Confederacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Emancipation Proclamation authorize regarding black troops?

<p>It authorized the enlistment of black troops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the enlistment of black soldiers affect the Union army?

<p>It significantly increased the size of the Union army.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Fugitive Slave Act

A law that allowed the recapture of runaway slaves in free states.

Consequence of aiding runaway slaves (Fugitive Slave Act)

Fines or imprisonment for those assisting escaped slaves.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Supreme Court case that ruled enslaved people were not citizens and couldn't sue in court.

Dred Scott's argument

Dred Scott argued that his time in free territory made him free.

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Republican Party's stance on slavery (1860)

Opposed expansion of slavery into new territories.

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Abraham Lincoln

Republican presidential candidate in 1860 election

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Lincoln's 1860 Election Victory

Won the 1860 election despite strong opposition.

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1860 Election outcome:

Lincoln won the election but divided states strongly.

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Southern belief about Lincoln

Southerners believed Lincoln would abolish slavery.

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Southern states seceded before Lincoln

7 southern states seceded before Lincoln's inauguration.

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Union population vs Confederacy

The Union had more than twice the population of the Confederacy.

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Confederacy population characteristic

The Confederacy's population was mostly enslaved people

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Union military replenishment

The Union could easily rebuild its military due to its larger population.

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Northern Industrial Advantage

Northern factories offered more access to manufactured goods.

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Union's Farmland Focus

Union farmland produced food, while Southern farms focused on cash crops.

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Union's Railroad Network

The Union had a larger railroad network used for transport of supplies and troops.

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Consequences of Helping Runaway Slaves

People who assisted runaway slaves faced fines or imprisonment under the Fugitive Slave Act.

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Purpose of the Fugitive Slave Act

The law aimed to enforce the return of escaped slaves to their owners.

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Abolitionist Reaction to the Fugitive Slave Act

Abolitionists were outraged by the law, believing it showed the government's support for slavery.

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Slaveholders' Belief About Northern Compliance

Slaveholders believed that the North wasn't fully complying with the Fugitive Slave Act.

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Part of the Compromise of 1850

The Fugitive Slave Act was one of the compromises made to appease both North and South.

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Issue Addressed by the Fugitive Slave Act

The law addressed the issue of runaway slaves and the rights of slave owners.

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Supreme Court Ruling in Dred Scott Case

The court ruled that Dred Scott remained enslaved, black people were not citizens, and they couldn't sue in court.

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Unconstitutionality of Restricting Slavery

The court declared that restricting the expansion of slavery was unconstitutional, including the Missouri Compromise and popular sovereignty.

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Response to the Dred Scott Decision

Abolitionists and Free-Soilers were enraged by the court's decision, believing it favored slavery.

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Republican Candidate in 1860

The Republican party nominated Abraham Lincoln for president in 1860.

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Republican Stance on Slavery in 1860

The Republican party opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories.

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Democratic Party State in 1860

The Democratic party was divided over slavery in 1860 and had two candidates for president.

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Winner of the 1860 Presidential Election

Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 election.

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States Lincoln Won in 1860

Lincoln won all the free states but none of the slave states in the 1860 election.

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Factor in Lincoln's Victory

The Northern population was significantly larger than the Southern population, contributing to Lincoln's win.

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Southern Belief About Lincoln's Presidency

The South feared that Lincoln would end slavery.

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Secession of Southern States

Seven Southern states seceded from the Union before Lincoln's inauguration.

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Union vs Confederacy Population Comparison

The Union's population was more than twice the size of the Confederacy's.

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Union Military Replenishment Advantage

The Union's large population allowed it to rebuild its military faster than the Confederacy.

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Northern Industrial Advantage in the Civil War

The North's factories produced more manufactured goods, giving them an advantage in the war.

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Northern vs Southern Farmland Focus

Northern farmland focused on food production, while Southern farmland produced cash crops like cotton.

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Union's Railroad Network Advantage

The Union had a larger and more extensive railroad network, providing quicker transport of resources and troops.

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Significance of Union's Railroad Network

The Union's railroad network made it easier to transport troops and supplies, allowing them to respond to Confederate movements more quickly.

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Union's Military Strategy During the Civil War

The Union used the Anaconda Plan, a strategy of blockading the South and controlling key rivers.

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Purpose of the Naval Blockade

The Union's blockade of the Southern coast aimed to cut off trade and critical imports for the Confederacy.

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Union's Mississippi River Objective

The Union's goal in 1863 was to seize control of the Mississippi River.

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Effect of Controlling the Mississippi River

Controlling the Mississippi River prevented the flow of goods and troops, isolating Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana from the Confederacy.

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Union's War of Attrition Strategy

The Union's strategy involved relentless attacks despite high casualties, aiming to exhaust the Confederacy's resources.

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Study Notes

Fugitive Slave Act

  • A law allowing runaway slaves to be recaptured in free states.
  • Those aiding runaway slaves faced fines or imprisonment.
  • Encouraged bounty hunters and slave catchers.
  • Abolitionists were outraged, believing the government favored slavery.
  • Slaveholders believed the North wasn't fully complying.
  • Part of the Compromise of 1850.
  • Addressed questions of slavery in newly acquired Mexican territories.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

  • Court case in 1857.
  • Dred Scott argued his time in free territory made him free.
  • Supreme Court ruled Dred Scott and enslaved people weren't citizens, couldn't sue in court.
  • Declared unconstitutional restricting the expansion of slavery, including the Missouri Compromise and popular sovereignty.
  • Abolitionists and free-soilers reacted with anger at the court's decision.

Republican Party and 1860 Election

  • Nominated Abraham Lincoln for President.
  • Opposed slavery's expansion into new territories.
  • During the 1860 election, the Democratic party was divided, having multiple candidates.
  • Lincoln won the election, taking every free state but no slave states.
  • The North's larger population contrasted with the South's belief that Lincoln would end slavery.
  • Seven southern states seceded before Lincoln's inauguration.

Civil War Key Factors

  • Union's advantage in military replenishment; the ability to replace lost troops.
  • North's industrial advantage: factories producing manufactured goods.
  • Northern farming focused on food, while the South focused on cash crops.
  • North had a larger railroad network, facilitating troop & supply transport.
  • Union strategy: Anaconda plan to cut off critical Southern imports.
  • Naval blockade of Southern coast (1861).
  • Key objective: seizing control of the Mississippi River (1863)
  • Controlling the Mississippi River isolated parts of the Confederacy.
  • Union strategy: War of attrition, relentless attacks despite high casualties.
  • Sherman's March: Led to mass destruction of Confederate resources, lowering their morale.

Emancipation Proclamation

  • Executive order from Lincoln in 1863.
  • Proclaimed all enslaved people in the Confederacy free.
  • Intended to remove a crucial labor source and wealth from the Confederacy.
  • Did not free slaves in border states (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware).
  • Strengthened Union morale and made the war about ending slavery.
  • Prevented Great Britain from allying with the Confederacy.
  • Authorized the enlistment of black troops, significantly increasing the size of the Union army.

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Explore the significant events surrounding the Fugitive Slave Act and the Dred Scott v. Sandford case. This quiz covers the impact of these historical moments on slavery, citizenship, and political tensions leading up to the Civil War. Test your knowledge of the Republican Party's stance during the 1860 Election as well.

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