US History EOC Review: Colonies and American Revolution

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Questions and Answers

What was the main purpose of Henry Clay's American System?

To abolish slavery in the United States

To promote the Women's Suffrage Movement

To establish the Temperance Movement

To connect Northern, Western, and Southern economies of the US (correct)

What was the outcome of the Dred Scott case?

Slaves were ruled to be only property, not people (correct)

The case led to the immediate abolition of slavery

Slaves were granted freedom and citizenship

Slaves were declared to be people with rights

What was the significance of Bleeding Kansas?

A peaceful resolution to the slavery issue in Kansas

A series of violent attacks between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces that foreshadowed the Civil War (correct)

The start of the Women's Suffrage Movement

A battle between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces that ended in a compromise

What was the result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

The repeal of the Missouri Compromise and the creation of two new territories with popular sovereignty Signup and view all the answers

What was the Compromise of 1850 about?

Allowing popular sovereignty in Western territories to decide on slavery Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 14th Amendment?

It granted citizenship to all newly freed African Americans Signup and view all the answers

What was a major weakness of the Continental Army during the American Revolution?

Lack of supplies and money Signup and view all the answers

What was the main difference between Andrew Johnson's and the Radical Republicans' views on Reconstruction?

Johnson was too lenient on Southern States, while the Radical Republicans wanted to ensure their loyalty Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 15th Amendment?

It granted the right to vote for all African American men Signup and view all the answers

What were the Black Codes?

Laws that restricted the freedoms of African Americans Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Compromise of 1877?

It ended the Reconstruction era Signup and view all the answers

What was a major strength of the Continental Army during the American Revolution?

Highly motivated soldiers fighting for a cause Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following colonies were founded primarily for religious purposes?

Northern Colonies Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the mercantilist system in the colonies?

To ship raw materials back to the mother country and receive manufactured goods in return Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events was NOT a direct cause of the American Revolution?

Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Signup and view all the answers

What was the main difference between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan?

The Virginia Plan was supported by large states, while the New Jersey Plan was supported by small states Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Great Compromise?

The combination of equal representation and representation based on population Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of Hamilton's proposed economic plan?

The establishment of a national bank Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Plessy v Ferguson court case in 1896?

Separate but equal is constitutional Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of Social Darwinism in the context of Imperialism?

To justify the takeover of other lands and re-educate their people Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Booker T Washington's approach to achieving equality for African Americans?

Focus on vocational skills and economic gains Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary factor contributing to economic growth during the Gilded Age?

Monopolies, vertical and horizontal integration, and creation of trusts Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act?

To break up monopoly trusts Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Homestead Act?

To encourage Westward Expansion by granting land to Americans Signup and view all the answers

What was the government's policy towards big business and monopolies during the Gilded Age?

Laissez-Faire, with minimal government intervention Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Grangers after the Civil War?

To advocate for agricultural interests Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind Social Darwinism?

The rich are rich because they have worked harder and God intended them to be rich Signup and view all the answers

What was the main argument of William Jennings Bryan's Cross of Gold Speech?

That the US should adopt a bi-metallic standard Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between horizontal and vertical integration?

Horizontal integration is buying out all other competition businesses, while vertical integration is buying all resource companies needed Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary belief of nativists?

That natural-born Americans were better than immigrants Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Henry Clay's American System

Aimed to promote economic growth and unify the nation by implementing protective tariffs, establishing a national bank, and investing in internal improvements like roads and canals.

Dred Scott Case Outcome

Supreme Court ruled that African Americans could not be citizens and that Congress lacked the authority to regulate slavery in territories, further inflaming sectional tensions.

Significance of Bleeding Kansas

Illustrative of the violent conflict over slavery's expansion, highlighted the failure of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and exacerbated tensions leading to the Civil War.

Result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Created two territories where the issue of slavery would be determined by popular sovereignty, leading to violent clashes known as "Bleeding Kansas."

Compromise of 1850

Series of laws meant to balance slave and free states; included California as a free state, tightened fugitive slave laws, and allowed New Mexico and Utah to decide on slavery.

Significance of the 14th Amendment

Defined citizenship and guaranteed equal protection under the law, aiming to protect the rights of formerly enslaved people after the Civil War.

Weakness of Continental Army

Faced shortages of trained soldiers, military supply issues, and lack of consistent funding early in the American Revolution.

Andrew Johnson vs. Radical Republicans on Reconstruction

Johnson favored leniency towards the South and quick reintegration, while the Radical Republicans insisted on stricter measures and protections for African Americans.

Significance of the 15th Amendment

Guaranteed African American men the right to vote, aiming to eliminate racial discrimination in electoral processes.

Black Codes

Laws passed in Southern states aimed at restricting the rights and freedoms of African Americans, reinforcing racial segregation and limiting economic opportunities.

Significance of Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the South, allowing Southern states to enact discriminatory laws and effectively sidelining African American rights.

Strength of Continental Army

George Washington's leadership and the element of surprise in battles helped foster resilience and engagement among the troops during the American Revolution.

Colonies Founded for Religious Purposes

Notable examples include Massachusetts (Puritans), Pennsylvania (Quakers), and Maryland (Catholics), emphasizing the quest for religious freedom.

Goal of Mercantilist System in Colonies

Aimed to increase a nation's wealth through strict control of trade, ensuring colonies served the economic interests of the mother country.

Event NOT a Direct Cause of American Revolution

Events such as the Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, and the Stamp Act were direct causes, while unrelated economic shifts or British reforms were not direct causes.

Virginia Plan vs. New Jersey Plan

Virginia Plan proposed representation based on population favoring large states; New Jersey Plan called for equal representation regardless of population, protecting smaller states' interests.

Result of the Great Compromise

Established a bicameral legislature with the House of Representatives based on population and the Senate providing equal representation for each state.

Key Aspect of Hamilton's Economic Plan

Included the assumption of state debts by the federal government, creating a strong financial foundation and encouraging federal creditworthiness.

Outcome of Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court upheld the "separate but equal" doctrine, legitimizing racial segregation for nearly six decades.

Justification for imperial expansion, supporting the idea that stronger nations had the right to dominate weaker ones, based on a misapplication of Darwin's theories.

Booker T. Washington's Approach to Equality

Advocated for vocational education and economic self-reliance as means for African Americans to gain respect and rights gradually.

Economic Growth During the Gilded Age

Driven by industrialization, technological advances, and an influx of immigration, leading to rapid urbanization and expansion of the labor force.

Purpose of Sherman Antitrust Act

Intended to prevent monopolistic practices and promote fair competition, addressing the rise of powerful corporate trusts restricting market competition.

Purpose of the Homestead Act

Encouraged westward expansion by providing settlers with land at little to no cost, promoting agriculture and settlement in the American frontier.

Government Policy Towards Big Business in Gilded Age

Generally favoring minimal regulation, the government often prioritized economic growth and industrial interests over consumer protection or labor rights.

Primary Goal of the Grangers

Aimed to advocate for farmers' rights, pushing reforms in railroad regulation, pricing, and access to agricultural resources post-Civil War.

Applied Darwinian ideas of natural selection to human society, supporting the belief that competition and survival of the fittest were applicable to social and economic policies.

Main Argument of Bryan's Cross of Gold Speech

Advocated for the free silver movement, arguing it would help farmers and working-class citizens by increasing the money supply and preventing economic hardship.

Difference Between Horizontal and Vertical Integration

Horizontal integration involves acquiring competitors to consolidate market power, while vertical integration entails controlling all aspects of production and distribution within an industry.

Primary Belief of Nativists

Advocated for the interests of native-born inhabitants over immigrants, often promoting policies that restricted immigration and heightened racial or cultural discrimination.

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Description

Review important events and concepts of US History, including the founding of colonies for religious purposes, mercantilism, and the events leading to the American Revolution.