US History: Declaration vs Constitution

<p>States had sovereign powers to wage war. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congress had no pay for congressmen and imposed term limits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create the Constitution that replaced the Articles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A unicameral legislature without an executive or judiciary. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>States were recognized as having their own sovereign powers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect the interests of the states (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Senators now represent national interests more than state interests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The federal government can regulate nearly everything (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carpetbagging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necessary and Proper Clause (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Almost unlimited (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commerce includes activities like manufacturing and mining (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They see themselves more as national politicians (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It favored large corporations over mom and pop shops. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It conflicted with Jewish kosher laws on purchases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sales occurred solely within state jurisdiction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It could lead to unlimited federal power over all commerce. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The handling was entirely local and not subject to federal regulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to rebellion and insurrection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The constant flow does not grant ongoing federal jurisdiction once co-mingled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Merryman was unlawfully imprisoned (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The legality of federal interference in state commerce. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were acknowledged as independent from federal regulations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He had the right due to public safety requirements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was essential for the Union's strategic position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presidential power can supersede Congressional authority (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Constitution allows suspension during invasion or rebellion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He thought it was crucial to act quickly to maintain order (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He interpreted it as needing flexibility in times of crisis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manufacturing does not fall under the definition of commerce. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manufacturing within a single state does not constitute interstate commerce. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>State government (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manufacture is the transformation of materials, while commerce involves trade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Act is ineffective against in-state manufacturing monopolies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of goods for future sale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Federal government cannot regulate commerce that does not cross state lines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>States can regulate areas not covered by federal commerce power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It confines congressional powers to those specifically stated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The President should defer to the coequal legislative branch. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their nature is sovereign and includes necessary means for their attainment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taxes must be strictly for paying debts and providing for the general welfare. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necessity does not determine the legal right to adopt measures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to unlimited power without definable boundaries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can only provide guidance but not legal authority. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are reserved for the states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Supreme Court case (Schechter Poultry Corp v. United States) that challenged the National Industrial Recovery Act's ability to regulate intrastate commerce.

Business activities that occur entirely within a single state's borders.

Business activities that involve commerce across state lines.

A clause in the US Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce.

New Deal legislation that attempted to regulate industries to stimulate the economy by, in part, setting up codes of fair competition.

Regulations set by the New Deal to manage industries and limit competition, often through cartel-like rules.

Goods are actively moving interstate which could be subject to interstate commerce regulation

Businesses within a state or region are dealing with goods, this would not be considered commerce as that 'flow' has stopped

The foundational document of a corporation, outlining its key principles and existence.

The first attempt at a governing document for the newly formed United States, prioritizing state sovereignty.

A declaration of the United States' existence and principles, not a governing document.

The principle that states, rather than a central government, hold ultimate power and authority.

A document adopted to fix the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation, establishing a governing structure.

Rules and regulations that detail the operational procedures of a corporation or organization, guided by foundational documents.

The branch under Articles of Confederation which composed the central governing body with each state holding one vote.

The absence of executive and judicial branches within the structure of the Articles of Confederation.

Hamilton argued that the government's powers are inherent and include any means to achieve its goals, as long as those means are not forbidden by the Constitution or contrary to societal values.

Jefferson argued that the government is limited to only those powers explicitly granted; necessary means essential for achieving explicitly stated objectives.

Jefferson believed Congress's tax power was limited to paying debts and providing for the general welfare, which was directly linked to the taxing power.

The taxing power cannot be used for any purpose Congress wants; Congress can tax only to pay debts or for the general welfare, stated and connected within the Constitution.

Jefferson argued a national bank was not necessary because other means could be used to carry out delegated congressional powers.

Powers not delegated to the national government or prohibited to the states, are reserved to those respective states, or to the people at large.

Jefferson believed the president should not sign legislation deemed unconstitutional but should defer to the legislature when unsure..

Jefferson believed "necessary" meant essential. If there are other ways to fulfill a specific power, the power shouldn't be implemented.

A legal writ that requires a person to be brought before a judge to determine if they are being detained lawfully. It's a safeguard against unlawful imprisonment.

The temporary power of the government to detain people without legal process, typically during emergencies like rebellion or invasion. This right is granted in the Constitution under certain conditions.

Maryland's location between Washington D.C. and the South made it strategically crucial for the Union. If Maryland seceded, it would have cut off the nation's capital from the rest of the Union.

Lincoln argued that he had the authority to suspend habeas corpus due to the Civil War, even without Congressional approval, to preserve the Union. He asserted that the Constitution allowed for this action in cases of rebellion.

Taney, the Chief Justice, argued that only Congress could suspend habeas corpus, not the President. He believed Lincoln was overstepping his authority.

Lincoln ignored Taney's ruling and continued to suspend habeas corpus, prioritizing the preservation of the Union over legal objections. He essentially challenged the Supreme Court's authority.

A legal theory that each branch of government (Executive, Legislative, Judicial) has the right to interpret the Constitution independently.

Despite potentially exceeding his authority, Lincoln argued that he acted out of necessity to save the Union. He rationalized that the consequences of inaction would be much worse than any constitutional violation.

The Supreme Court considered whether the Sherman Antitrust Act could be applied to a sugar refinery that operated entirely within Pennsylvania and did not engage in interstate commerce.

The Court determined that manufacturing activities within a single state don't constitute interstate commerce, even if the products are eventually sold across state lines. The act of manufacturing, even if intended for interstate sale, was not itself considered commerce.

The Court argued that the Sherman Antitrust Act aimed to regulate commerce, not manufacturing. Since the refinery was entirely contained within one state, its operations weren't considered interstate commerce, even if the sugar was eventually sold across state lines.

The Court suggested that since the federal government does not have the power to regulate activities that aren't part of interstate commerce, these activities fall under the police power of the states.

The Court emphasizes the distinction between 'transformation' (manufacturing) and 'commerce' (buying, selling, transporting goods across state lines). Manufacturing, even if intended for interstate sale, is not considered commerce.

The case established a narrow interpretation of the Commerce Clause, suggesting that manufacturing activities within a state are not subject to federal regulation, even if those goods are eventually sold across state boarders.

The Court ruled that the refinery's operations were entirely within Pennsylvania and did not involve commerce that crossed state lines. Therefore, it was a matter for state regulation.

This amendment changed the way senators are elected, leading to a shift in their focus from representing states to representing the entire nation.

This amendment weakened federalism by reducing the influence of states in the Senate, as senators became more focused on national interests instead of state interests.

This describes politicians who move to different states primarily to run for office, often seeking seats in the Senate. It highlights the shift towards national-level politics.

The federal government's power has expanded beyond its limited, enumerated powers in the Constitution, leading to a more powerful central government.

This clause in the Constitution gives Congress the power to regulate commerce between states. It has been broadly interpreted to expand federal power.

This clause grants Congress implied powers, meaning it has the power to make laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out its expressed powers.

The original definition of commerce was limited to the buying and selling of goods. Now, it broadly includes activities like manufacturing, mining, and milling.

The original idea of federalism was that the federal government had limited powers, specifically listed in the Constitution. This power has expanded significantly.