US History Chapter 7 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Who invented the cotton gin?

  • Eli Whitney (correct)
  • Andrew Jackson
  • Henry Clay
  • Daniel Webster

    • What is mass production?

    The making of goods in large quantities made possible by factories, machinery, and the division of labor.

    Who was Speaker of the House of Representatives from Kentucky who promoted the American System?

    Henry Clay

    What was the American System?

    <p>An economic regime pioneered by Henry Clay that created a high tariff to support internal improvements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the National Road?

    <p>The first national road building project funded by Congress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Monroe Doctrine?

    <p>An American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western Hemisphere from outside powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Tariff of 1816?

    <p>It was a protective tariff designed to aid American industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was McCulloch v Maryland?

    <p>A Supreme Court case that denied Maryland the right to tax the Bank of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the 6th President of the United States?

    <p>John Quincy Adams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nationalism?

    <p>The belief that national interests are more important than regional differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Adams-Onis Treaty?

    <p>A treaty that secured Florida from Spain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Missouri Compromise?

    <p>An agreement that maintained the balance between slave and free states by admitting Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Andrew Jackson?

    <p>The 7th President of the United States, who opposed the Bank of America and increased presidential powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Democratic-Republican Party?

    <p>A party started by Jackson's followers that wanted a weak central government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Spoils System?

    <p>A system in which incoming political parties replace former government workers with their own friends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Indian Removal Act?

    <p>A law passed in 1830 that required Native Americans to relocate west.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Trail of Tears?

    <p>An 800-mile forced march made by the Cherokee resulting in the deaths of thousands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was John C. Calhoun?

    <p>A South Carolina Senator and advocate for state's rights and nullification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Tariff of Abominations?

    <p>Henry Clay's name for an 1828 tariff increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Daniel Webster?

    <p>A Senate leader from Massachusetts who defended federal powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Martin Van Buren?

    <p>The 8th President of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Bank of the United States?

    <p>A national bank established by Congress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Whig Party?

    <p>An American political party formed to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Panic of 1837?

    <p>A series of financial failures that led to an economic depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was William Henry Harrison?

    <p>The 9th President of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Erie Canal?

    <p>&quot;Big Ditch&quot;, a canal that connected the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Election of 1824?

    <p>&quot;Corrupt bargain&quot; where Adams became president when Clay supported him.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term ______ refers to a controversial election that is sometimes referred to as a corrupt bargain.

    <p>Election of 1824</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the 2nd Great Awakening?

    <p>A 19th-century religious movement emphasizing individual responsibility for seeking salvation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a revival?

    <p>A religious gathering designed to reawaken faith.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson?

    <p>An American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Charles Finney?

    <p>A preacher who held the first of many religious revivals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is transcendentalism?

    <p>A philosophy stressing the relationship between human beings and nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Figures and Concepts

    • Eli Whitney: Inventor of the cotton gin and a proponent of interchangeable parts, crucial for manufacturing efficiency.
    • Henry Clay: Speaker of the House from Kentucky who advocated for the American System, emphasizing national economic growth.
    • John Quincy Adams: 6th President of the United States, part of a controversial election that led to the "corrupt bargain."

    Economic Developments

    • Mass Production: Enabled by factories and division of labor, allowing goods to be produced in large quantities.
    • American System: Economic strategy promoting high tariffs to fund internal improvements, facilitating U.S. industrialization.
    • Tariff of 1816: Protective tariff intended to boost American manufacturing industries.

    Infrastructure and Expansion

    • National Road: First federally funded highway that improved travel and commerce across the nation.
    • Erie Canal: Vital water route connecting New York with the Great Lakes, enhancing trade and shipping logistics.
    • McCulloch v. Maryland: Landmark Supreme Court case affirming federal authority over state laws, denying Maryland's ability to tax the Bank of the United States.
    • Monroe Doctrine: U.S. policy established to prevent European interference in the Western Hemisphere.
    • Adams-Onis Treaty: Agreement in which the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain, expanding territorial claims.

    Social and Political Movements

    • Nationalism: The ideology prioritizing national interests over regional differences, fostering unity among states.
    • Democratic-Republican Party: Political organization formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson advocating for limited federal power.

    Controversial Policies and Events

    • Indian Removal Act: Legislation mandating the relocation of Native Americans to territory west of the Mississippi River.
    • Trail of Tears: Forced migration path of Cherokee people, resulting in significant loss of life and cultural dislocation.
    • Spoils System: Practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs, leading to corruption and inefficiency.

    Economic Crises and Political Changes

    • Panic of 1837: Economic recession triggered by multiple bank failures and resulting in widespread financial distress.
    • Whig Party: Political group formed in opposition to Andrew Jackson, favoring federal involvement in economic development and infrastructure.

    Religious and Cultural Movements

    • 2nd Great Awakening: Religious revival movement stressing personal faith and social reform, fostering various reform movements.
    • Transcendentalism: Philosophical movement promoting the spiritual and individualistic relationship with nature, led by figures like Ralph Waldo Emerson.

    Key Historical Events

    • Election of 1824: Controversial election termed as a "corrupt bargain" due to political maneuvering affecting the outcome.
    • Tariff of Abominations: Term used to describe the 1828 tariff that raised duties and angered southern states, representing regional economic tensions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts from US History Chapter 7 with these informative flashcards. This quiz covers significant figures and terms related to the Industrial Revolution and the American System. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning!

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