US History STAAR EOC 11th Grade Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What time period does the Gilded Age refer to?

1870s - 1890s (correct)

1860s - 1870s

1920s - 1930s

1900s - 1920s

What was the focus of the Technological Revolution?

Based on steel, railroads, electricity, and oil-based products.

Who is Alexander Graham Bell?

An American inventor known for developing the telephone.

What is Thomas Edison best known for?

Inventing the electric light bulb. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Telephone?

A device that converts sound into electrical signals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Free Enterprise System?

An economic system where people operate businesses with little government interference. Signup and view all the answers

What does Laissez-Faire mean?

No government intervention in business. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a Corporation?

A business owned by many investors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Bessemer Process?

A process for making steel more efficiently, patented in 1856. Signup and view all the answers

What does Entrepreneurship involve?

Accepting the risk of starting and running a business. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Monopoly?

A market with many buyers but only one seller. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

A businessman who controlled all phases of steel production. Signup and view all the answers

Who is John Rockefeller?

Creator of the Standard Oil Company, known for forming monopolies. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Robber Baron?

A negative term for business leaders who acquired wealth through unethical means. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Captain of Industry?

A business leader who has a positive impact. Signup and view all the answers

What does Philanthropy mean?

Giving money to help the poor. Signup and view all the answers

What are Political Machines?

Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in cities. Signup and view all the answers

What is Immigration?

Coming to live permanently in a foreign country. Signup and view all the answers

What are Push and Pull Factors?

Push factors drive people away, pull factors draw them to new locations. Signup and view all the answers

Who are Nativists?

U.S. citizens who opposed immigration. Signup and view all the answers

What are Ethnic Ghettos?

Areas where immigrants lived due to cultural similarities. Signup and view all the answers

What is Child Labor?

The practice of children working in various sectors. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Labor Union?

An organization of workers aimed at improving conditions and wages. Signup and view all the answers

What are Strikes?

When workers refuse to work until conditions improve. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Knights of Labor?

The first effort to create a national union. Signup and view all the answers

What happened during the Haymarket Massacre?

A peaceful protest ended in violence when a bomb was thrown at police. Signup and view all the answers

What is the AFL?

A labor union created by Samuel Gompers for skilled workers. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Samuel Gompers?

The creator of the American Federation of Labor. Signup and view all the answers

What is the IWW?

A labor organization for unskilled workers, formed in 1905. Signup and view all the answers

What is Manifest Destiny?

The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the continent. Signup and view all the answers

What does Westward Migration refer to?

The movement of people to western and mid-western states. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Homestead Act?

A law providing free land in the west for settlement. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Transcontinental Railroad?

A railway linking the eastern and western railroad systems. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Great Plains?

A flat and grassy region of western North America. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by Frontier?

A wilderness at the edge of settled areas. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Klondike Gold Rush?

A frenzy of immigration and gold prospecting in the Yukon. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Indian Wars?

Conflicts between the U.S. Army and Native American tribes. Signup and view all the answers

What are Reservations?

Areas of federal land set aside for American Indians. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Dawes Act?

An 1887 law giving Native American males 160 acres to farm. Signup and view all the answers

What is New Immigration?

Immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe and Asia. Signup and view all the answers

What is Ellis Island?

An immigrant receiving station opened in 1892. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Boss Tweed?

Leader of the Tammany Hall political machine in New York. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Tenement?

A building where several families rent rooms, often with poor conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Pendleton Civil Service Act?

A law requiring merit-based appointments to federal jobs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?

An 1882 law that denied Chinese laborers entry into the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Progressive Era?

A time of reform efforts in America during the early 20th century. Signup and view all the answers

Who was William Jennings Bryan?

A lawyer and politician who advocated for free silver. Signup and view all the answers

What are Populists?

A political movement focused on addressing farmers' issues. Signup and view all the answers

What are Farm Issues?

Challenges related to agricultural production and profitability. Signup and view all the answers

What does Social Gospel refer to?

A movement emphasizing charity and social responsibility. Signup and view all the answers

What is Americanization?

The process of adopting American characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What is Assimilation?

Encouraging subject peoples to adopt dominant cultural practices. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jacob Riis?

A muckraker who exposed poor living conditions in NYC. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jane Addams?

The founder of Hull House, providing services to immigrants. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Frances Willard?

Leader of the WCTU, promoting temperance and women's rights. Signup and view all the answers

What was Alfred T. Mahan's contribution?

He argued for a strong navy to protect U.S. interests. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Sanford B. Dole?

A wealthy plantation owner and President of the Republic of Hawaii. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Henry Cabot Lodge?

Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Theodore Roosevelt?

The 26th President of the United States known for progressive reforms. Signup and view all the answers

What is Yellow Journalism?

Sensationalized journalism that distorts news. Signup and view all the answers

What year did the Spanish-American War occur?

<ol start="1898"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What were the causes of the Spanish-American War?

Yellow journalism, imperialism, and the explosion of the USS Maine. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Spanish-American War?

The Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam became U.S. territories. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Open Door Policy?

A U.S. policy ensuring equal trading rights in China. Signup and view all the answers

What is Imperialism?

The policy of a strong nation dominating weaker countries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Panama Canal?

A canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Signup and view all the answers

What is Dollar Diplomacy?

A foreign policy linking U.S. interests with economic investment. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

The first U.S. law to limit monopolies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Interstate Commerce Act?

A law to regulate railroad and interstate businesses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Progressive Party?

Also known as the Bull Moose Party, formed by Theodore Roosevelt. Signup and view all the answers

What do Initiative, Referendum, and Recall represent?

Processes for increasing public participation in government. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Upton Sinclair?

A muckraker who revealed issues in the meatpacking industry. Signup and view all the answers

What is the National Forest Service?

A government agency created for land preservation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Pure Food and Drug Act?

An act prohibiting the sale of impure food and drugs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Federal Reserve Act?

A law establishing a system of federal banks. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 16th Amendment deal with?

The power of Congress to tax income. Signup and view all the answers

What is the 17th Amendment about?

Direct election of senators by the voters. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 18th Amendment prohibit?

The manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 19th Amendment grant?

The right to vote to women in federal and state elections. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Susan B. Anthony?

A leader in the women's suffrage movement. Signup and view all the answers

What was Plessy vs. Ferguson?

A Supreme Court case ruling separate-but-equal facilities were constitutional. Signup and view all the answers

Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?

An advocate for immediate civil rights for African Americans. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ida B. Wells?

An African American journalist who published anti-lynching statistics. Signup and view all the answers

What were the causes of WWI?

Alliances, nationalism, militarism, imperialism, and assassination. Signup and view all the answers

What years did WWI take place?

1914-1918. Signup and view all the answers

What led to the U.S. entry into WWI?

The sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman telegram. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Selective Service Act?

A law requiring men to register for the military draft. Signup and view all the answers

What is Trench Warfare?

Combat characterized by fighting in trenches. Signup and view all the answers

Who was General John J. Pershing?

General of the American Expeditionary Force in WWI. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Battle of Argonne Forest?

A major Allied offensive involving 1 million American soldiers. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Alvin York?

A soldier credited with killing 25 German soldiers. Signup and view all the answers

What technological advancements were used in WWI?

Airplanes, poisonous gas, tanks, machine guns, zeppelins. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Fourteen Points?

A proposal by Wilson for lasting peace post-WWI. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

The treaty that imposed reparations on Germany after WWI. Signup and view all the answers

What was the League of Nations?

An organization aimed at promoting international cooperation and peace. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Great Migration?

The movement of over 300,000 African Americans to Northern cities. Signup and view all the answers

What is Propaganda?

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Sedition Act?

A law making it illegal to criticize the government. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gilded Age

Period from the 1870s to 1890s, characterized by apparent prosperity overshadowing political corruption and social inequality.

Technological Revolution

During the Second Industrial Revolution, innovations in steel production, railroad expansion, electricity, and oil were prominent.

Key Inventors

Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, revolutionizing communication.
Thomas Edison created the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and developed motion pictures.

Economic Concepts

Free Enterprise System allows minimal government involvement in business operations.
Laissez-Faire promotes non-interventionist economic policies.
Corporations, owned by multiple investors, became prevalent during this period.

Industrial Advancements

The Bessemer Process enabled efficient steel production, patented in 1856.
Entrepreneurship involves taking risks to start and manage businesses.

Market Structures

A monopoly is a market controlled by a single seller with many buyers.
Andrew Carnegie dominated the steel industry through vertical integration.
John D. Rockefeller established a monopoly with the Standard Oil Company via trust agreements.

Labor Movement

Robber Barons exploited workers, contrasting with Captains of Industry who had positive impacts.
Philanthropy emerged as a way for wealthy individuals to donate to the needy.
Political machines, led by bosses, often manipulated city politics and elections.

Immigration Patterns

Push and pull factors drove many to migrate; push factors led to departure from home, while pull factors attracted them to new locations.
Nativists opposed immigration, fearing job losses and cultural changes.
Ethnic ghettos developed as immigrants settled together, maintaining cultural ties.

Child Labor and Labor Unions

Child labor was prevalent as children worked in various industries during the 19th century.
Labor unions sought better working conditions, wages, and benefits, often resulting in strikes.

Key Labor Organizations

The Knights of Labor aimed to unify all workers but struggled due to vague goals and organization issues.
The AFL, founded by Samuel Gompers, focused on skilled workers and became a leading labor union.
The IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) organized unskilled laborers and was known for its radical approach.

Westward Expansion

Manifest Destiny justified the U.S. belief that it was destined to span the continent.
Westward migration was spurred by opportunities like jobs, land, and gold, notably from the Homestead Act of 1862 offering free land.
The Transcontinental Railroad, completed in 1869, connected the east and west coasts, transforming transportation.

Native American Relations

Indian Wars (1850-1890) involved conflicts between U.S. forces and Native tribes, leading to the establishment of reservations.
The Dawes Act of 1887 aimed to assimilate Native Americans by distributing land and promoting education.

Immigration Trends

New Immigration saw waves of individuals from Southern and Eastern Europe and Asia in the late 1800s.
Ellis Island served as an entry point for millions of immigrants starting in 1892.

Political Practices

Boss Tweed led Tammany Hall, a notorious political machine in New York.
Tenements housed many immigrant families under poor living conditions.

Progressive Reforms

The Progressive Era focused on reforming various aspects of American society, including politics and social issues.
Key legislation included the Pendleton Civil Service Act, which established merit-based government employment.

Women's Suffrage

Susan B. Anthony was a key leader in the fight for women's voting rights.
The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote in 1920.

Civil Rights Movement

Plessy vs. Ferguson upheld the "separate but equal" doctrine, impacting racial segregation laws.
W.E.B. Du Bois advocated for immediate civil rights for African Americans through the NAACP.

World War I Overview

Causes of WWI included alliances, nationalism, militarism, imperialism, and the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand.
The U.S. entered WWI due to unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman Telegram in 1917.

War Contributions and Consequences

The Selective Service Act initiated a military draft for men aged 21-30.
Trench warfare characterized the combat in WWI, resulting in high casualty rates and stalemates.

Key Figures and Events in WWI

General John J. Pershing led the American Expeditionary Force.
The Battle of Argonne Forest marked significant American involvement, resulting in heavy casualties but ultimately an Allied victory.

Post-War Reforms

The Fourteen Points proposed by President Wilson aimed for lasting peace.
The Treaty of Versailles imposed heavy reparations on Germany, altering the geopolitical landscape.

The League of Nations was established to foster international cooperation but lacked real power and U.S. participation.
The Great Migration saw over 300,000 African Americans move north, seeking better opportunities during and after the war.

Propaganda and Public Opinion

Propaganda played a crucial role in influencing public opinion during the war.
The Sedition Act of 1918 criminalized criticism of the government, reflecting wartime tensions.

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Description

Prepare for the US History STAAR EOC exam with these flashcards focused on key concepts from the curriculum. This collection covers important terms and events from the Gilded Age to the Second Industrial Revolution, helping you to grasp essential historical milestones for the 11th grade exam.