US History Chapter 6 Test Study Guide

Jefferson's Presidency and the Louisiana Purchase

• Thomas Jefferson accomplished lowering the national debt during his presidency.
• The United States' purchase of the Louisiana Territory cost France access to abundant natural resources.
• The Louisiana Purchase resulted in the transfer of territory from France to the United States, effectively doubling the nation's size.
• Jefferson aimed to promote the nation's agricultural economy.

Judicial Power and Foreign Relations

• The Supreme Court ruling in Marbury v. Madison (1803) strengthened the judicial branch's power.
• Increased tensions between American settlers and Native Americans in the Northwest Territory led to the War of 1812.

War of 1812 Events and Outcomes

• During their invasion of Washington, DC, the British burned the Capitol building and the White House.
• The Creek War divided Native American support between the US and Great Britain, benefitting the US.
• The Battle of Fort McHenry saw American forces strengthen Baltimore's defenses, contributing significantly to their victory.
• The Battle of Tippecanoe heightened American suspicions of British support to Native Americans.

National Unity and Military Strength

• The War of 1812's outcome fostered a sense of unity among Americans, marking the beginning of the Era of Good Feelings.
• The Battle of New Orleans demonstrated the US military's capacity to successfully confront British forces.
• The Treaty of Ghent ended hostilities between the United States and Britain.

Expansion and Key Treaties

• The US faced not only British troops but also Native Americans during the War of 1812.
• President Madison declared war on Great Britain to address British aggression in the Atlantic and Northwest Territory.
• Impressment was exemplified when a British warship captured an American ship, forcing its crew into the British navy.
• The new boundary set by the Adams-Onis Treaty helped prevent war between the United States and Spain.

Latin American Independence and the Monroe Doctrine

• Successful independence movements emerged in Latin America during the late 1810s and early 1820s.
• The announcement of the Monroe Doctrine was provoked by Russian control over Alaska, asserting US dominance in the Americas.
• The Monroe Doctrine stipulated that the US would avoid involvement in European affairs.

Settlement and Development in the Northwest Territory

• Increased settlement in the Northwest Territory led to violent clashes between settlers and Native Americans.
• Population growth in this region prompted the addition of new states to the Union.
• Tensions between the North and South arose over the financing of internal improvements proposed under the American System.
• Florida was acquired by the United States through purchase from Spain, resulting from military victories that encouraged the signing of the Adams-Onis Treaty.

Internal Improvements and the Northwest Ordinance

• Henry Clay’s American System aimed to resolve transportation issues between settled territories and the frontier.
• The Northwest Ordinance's purpose was to organize territory gained from Great Britain after the Treaty of Paris, setting a framework for future states.
• Indiana (1816) and Illinois (1818) were among the states that joined the Union in the years following the War of 1812.
• In the early 1800s, much of the American population movement was directed towards rural areas of the Southwest.