US History Chapter 6 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish?

The executive branch

The lower federal courts (correct)

The legislative branch

The constitution

Who was Alexander Hamilton?

United States statesman and leader of the Federalists.

What is a cabinet in the context of the U.S. government?

A body of advisers to the president composed of the heads of the executive departments.

What is the Bank of the United States?

Two national banks established by the U.S. Congress. Signup and view all the answers

What does Democratic-Republicans refer to?

A major American political party of the early 19th century. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by a two-party system?

A party system where two major political parties dominate politics. Signup and view all the answers

What are protective tariffs?

Tariffs enacted to protect a domestic industry. Signup and view all the answers

What is an excise tax?

A tax paid on specific goods or activities. Signup and view all the answers

What does neutrality refer to?

The state of not supporting either side in a conflict. Signup and view all the answers

What was Pinckney's Treaty?

A treaty establishing friendship between the U.S. and Spain. Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Jay?

An American statesman and diplomat. Signup and view all the answers

What is sectionalism?

Undue concern with local interests at the expense of general well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What was the XYZ Affair?

A diplomatic incident between French and U.S. diplomats. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

A series of laws passed in 1798 by the Federalist Congress. Signup and view all the answers

What is nullification?

The right of a state to invalidate federal law. Signup and view all the answers

Who were Lewis and Clark?

Explorers of the American Northwest. Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Marshall?

The chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Judiciary Act of 1801?

Also known as the Midnight Judges Act. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Judiciary Act of 1789

Established the framework for lower federal courts in the U.S.
Derives authority from Article III, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution.

Alexander Hamilton

Key figure in U.S. history; first Secretary of the Treasury.
Leader of the Federalists; advocated for a federal banking system.
Fatally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr.

Cabinet

A group of advisors to the president.
Composed of heads of executive departments.

Bank of the United States

Created by Congress to act as fiscal agents and depositories for federal funds.
First bank operated from 1791-1811; second bank from 1816-1836.

Democratic-Republicans

Major political party in early 19th century America.
Favored strict interpretation of the Constitution and states' rights.

Two-Party System

Political structure where two major parties dominate governance.
One party typically holds a majority, referred to as the governing party, while the other serves as the opposition.

Protective Tariff

Imposed to shield domestic industries from foreign competition.
Can also raise government revenue or discourage certain activities.

Excise Tax

Taxes applied to specific goods like gasoline, often included in product pricing.
Applicable on activities such as gambling and heavy truck use on highways.

Neutrality

A policy of not aligning with or supporting either side in a conflict; promotes impartiality.

Pinckney's Treaty

Signed on October 27, 1795; also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo.
Established friendly relations between the United States and Spain.

John Jay

Notable American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father.
Served as the first Chief Justice of the United States and played a role in the Treaty of Paris.

Sectionalism

Focusing on narrow local interests at the expense of broader national well-being.

XYZ Affair

A diplomatic incident that escalated to the Quasi-War between the U.S. and France.
Resolved through the Convention of 1800, also known as the Treaty of Mortefontaine.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Enacted in 1798, allowing for the deportation of foreigners and restrictions on immigrant voting rights.
Aimed at quelling dissent against the Federalist government.

Nullification

A constitutional theory asserting states' rights to invalidate federal laws deemed unconstitutional.
Lacks legal backing in federal courts.

Lewis and Clark

Expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the American Northwest.
Conducted during Thomas Jefferson's presidency after the Louisiana Purchase.

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835.
Influential in shaping U.S. constitutional law.

Judiciary Act of 1801

Also referred to as the Midnight Judges Act.
Established additional federal judgeships and was significant in the context of political power and judicial review.

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Test your knowledge of key terms from Chapter 6 of U.S. History with these flashcards. Explore essential concepts such as the Judiciary Act of 1789 and the contributions of Alexander Hamilton to early American government. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of foundational legal frameworks and influential figures.