U.S. History Chapter 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does 'no taxation without representation' mean?

It means that the colonists didn't think they should be taxed unless they had representation in the British Parliament.

What did the Proclamation of 1763 prohibit?

It prohibited the colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains.

What U.S. document included a long list of colonial grievances against British King George the Third?

The Declaration of Independence.

What act was passed by Parliament in order to stop smuggling between the colonies and the West Indies?

The Sugar Act of 1764. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the American colonists protest the Stamp Act of 1765, Townshend Acts 1767, Tea Act 1773, and the Coercive Acts 1774?

Because the acts caused undue hardships for everyday necessities of life without giving the colonists a voice in government. Signup and view all the answers

What are unalienable rights?

Rights that can't be taken away without due process of law. Signup and view all the answers

What act eventually led colonists to board British ships and dump tea into Boston Harbor?

The Tea Act. Signup and view all the answers

Name four methods colonists used to protest unfair policies of the British government.

Boycotts, burning of effigies of King George and unpopular tax collectors, passing resolutions saying only the colonists had the right to tax its citizens, and forming groups like the Sons of Liberty and the Daughters of Liberty. Signup and view all the answers

What act placed a tax on newspapers?

The Stamp Act of 1765. Signup and view all the answers

Who led the group of colonists known as the Sons of Liberty?

Samuel Adams. Signup and view all the answers

Who helped start the Sons of Liberty?

Samuel Adams. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Daughters of Liberty?

A group of women who urged colonists to wear homemade fabrics and produce their own goods, as well as boycott British goods in response to the Townshend Acts. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Townshend Acts impose taxes on?

Basic goods such as glass, tea, paper, and other goods that colonists couldn't buy themselves. Signup and view all the answers

What is a boycott?

Refusal to buy goods or services from a particular company or nation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Boston Massacre?

An event where British soldiers shot and killed five colonists who were protesting British soldiers occupying Boston. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Crispus Attucks?

A part Native-American, part African who was killed at the Boston Massacre. Signup and view all the answers

Name two events Paul Revere is associated with.

Riding through the streets yelling 'the British are coming' and the Boston Massacre. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Committees of Correspondence?

An organization created by the colonists to circulate writings expressing their grievances toward the British government. Signup and view all the answers

Name three groups Samuel Adams is associated with.

Sons of Liberty, Boston Tea Party, and the Committees of Correspondence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Tea Act of 1773?

An act that lowered the tax on British East India Tea to convince the colonists to buy tea from the British East India Company. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Coercive Acts?

Harsh laws intended to punish the colonists of Massachusetts for dumping tea into Boston Harbor, which also banned town meetings. Signup and view all the answers

Name four causes of the Revolutionary War.

Tradition of self-rule, taxation without representation, Proclamation of 1763, and the Navigation Acts. Signup and view all the answers

What are minute men?

Companies of civilian men who boasted that they would be ready to fight at a moment's notice. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the two patriots who rushed to warn the colonists that the British were coming?

Paul Revere and William Dawes. Signup and view all the answers

Where were the first two battles of the Revolutionary War fought?

Lexington and Concord. Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the Concord Hymn?

Ralph Waldo Emerson. Signup and view all the answers

What famous saying is found in the Concord Hymn?

The shot heard round the world. Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'shot heard round the world' signify?

The battle for America's independence had begun and the other countries saw the growth of democracy in the world. Signup and view all the answers

Who won the Battle of Bunker Hill?

The British at a high cost. Signup and view all the answers

Why did American Colonel Prescott shout 'don't shoot before you see the whites of their eyes'?

Because the Americans were low on ammunition and had to make each shot count. Signup and view all the answers

What is a loyalist?

Colonists loyal to King George and the British government. Signup and view all the answers

What are patriots?

Colonists who wanted independence from Britain and were willing to fight to gain that freedom. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Continental Congress create to fight the British?

The Continental Army. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the commander of the Continental Army?

George Washington. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Olive Branch Petition?

An assurance to King George the Third that the colonists wanted peace and that the king protect the colonist's rights. Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote to John Adams about America's independence and equality to women?

Abigail Adams. Signup and view all the answers

What two pamphlets did Thomas Paine write?

Common Sense and An American Crisis. Signup and view all the answers

What did Common Sense call for?

For the colonists to become independent. Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Declaration of Independence, give three examples of unalienable rights.

Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Signup and view all the answers

What does the first part of the Declaration of Independence explain?

It states that the colonists want to form a new government and why they want to form a new government. Signup and view all the answers

What does the second part of the Declaration of Independence talk about?

Natural Rights or Unalienable Rights. Signup and view all the answers

What does the third part of the Declaration of Independence discuss?

Grievances against King George the Third such as quartering of British soldiers, cutting of trade with other parts of the world, imposing taxes without the colonists' consent, depriving colonists of the right to trial by jury. Signup and view all the answers

What does the final part of the Declaration of Independence declare?

Our independence from Great Britain. Signup and view all the answers

What does self-evident mean in the Declaration of Independence?

It is obvious. Signup and view all the answers

What did Thomas Jefferson mean by 'endowed by their creator'?

That we are born with natural unalienable rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to by 'Governments are instituted among Men'?

Governments are created by men. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Declaration of Independence, from where do governments receive their powers?

From the people. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Terms and Definitions

"No taxation without representation" expresses the colonists' belief that they should not be taxed without having representatives in British Parliament.
The Proclamation of 1763 restricted colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
The Declaration of Independence lists colonial grievances against King George III, asserting the colonies' desire for independence.
The Sugar Act of 1764 aimed to eliminate smuggling between the colonies and the West Indies by imposing taxes.
The protests against the Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Tea Act, and Coercive Acts were fueled by hardships imposed on daily life for colonists without representation.
Unalienable rights are those that cannot be revoked without due process, such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Significant Events and Acts

The Tea Act instigated the Boston Tea Party, where colonists famously dumped tea into the harbor in protest.
Colonists employed various protest methods, including boycotts, burning effigies, and organizing groups like the Sons and Daughters of Liberty.
The Stamp Act of 1765 imposed a tax on newspapers, directly affecting communication and expression.
The Boston Massacre involved British soldiers killing five protesting colonists, escalating tensions between Britain and the colonies.

Key Figures

Samuel Adams, a prominent leader, helped establish the Sons of Liberty, advocating for colonial rights.
The Daughters of Liberty promoted homemade goods to boycott British imports during the Townshend Acts.
Crispus Attucks, part African and part Native American, was the first casualty of the Boston Massacre.
Paul Revere, alongside William Dawes, alerted colonists of British troop movements with the famous phrase "the British are coming."

Revolutionary War Context

The first battles of the Revolutionary War were fought at Lexington and Concord, marking the start of armed conflict.
The "shot heard round the world" signifies the global impact of the Americans' fight for independence.
George Washington was appointed commander of the Continental Army, leading the fight against British forces.

Declaration of Independence

Written by Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration articulates the colonies' intention to establish a separate government.
The document contains three main parts: the introduction outlining the need for a new government, the explanation of natural rights, and a list of grievances against the king.
The phrase "self-evident" indicates the belief that certain truths, like the right to life and liberty, are obvious and universally acknowledged.
The Declaration emphasizes that governments derive their powers from the consent of the governed.

Ideals and Concepts

Loyalists were colonists who remained supportive of the British monarchy, while patriots sought independence from it.
Committees of Correspondence were formed to facilitate communication and coordination among the colonies regarding British actions.
The Coercive Acts aimed to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, including prohibiting town meetings.
"Minute men" were local militia members prepared to respond quickly to threats, showcasing the colonies' readiness for conflict.

Influence and Legacy

Abigail Adams advocated for women's rights and equality during the fight for independence in her correspondence with John Adams.
Thomas Paine’s pamphlets "Common Sense" and "The American Crisis" called for independence and rallied support for the revolutionary cause.

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Test your knowledge on key concepts from U.S. History Chapter 5 with these flashcards. Explore important terms like 'no taxation without representation', the Proclamation of 1763, and the Declaration of Independence. Perfect for students wanting to reinforce their understanding of early American history.