Questions and Answers
What was the French and Indian War fought over?
The Albany Plan of Union was accepted by all colonies.
False
What is a militia?
A group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies.
Who is referred to as the Prime Minister?
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What does the term 'siege' refer to?
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What did the Treaty of Paris end?
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What was Pontiac's Rebellion?
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The Proclamation of 1763 allowed British colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.
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What was the Stamp Act?
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What is a boycott?
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The Boston Massacre was the first bloodshed of the American Revolution.
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What was the First Continental Congress?
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What initiated the Revolutionary War?
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When was the Declaration of Independence proclaimed?
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What is the significance of the Enlightenment?
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What are natural rights?
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Match the documents and events to their significance:
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Study Notes
French and Indian War
- Conflict between French and British forces over the Ohio River Valley.
- Resulted in British victory in 1763, establishing England as a leading world power.
- Shifted colonial attitudes towards England negatively.
Albany Plan Of Union
- Proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 to unify 13 colonies for trade and military cooperation.
- Rejected by both colonies and the British Crown.
Militia
- Civilian groups trained to fight in emergencies, notably known as Minutemen.
Prime Minister
- Head of state position in England, responsible for governing.
Siege
- Military tactic involving surrounding a place to force surrender, exemplified by the Siege of Quebec.
Treaty of Paris (1763)
- Concluded the Seven Years War and French and Indian War.
- Granted Britain control over Canada, Florida, and land east of the Mississippi River.
Pontiac's Rebellion
- 1763 uprising led by Pontiac against British forts and settlers due to land encroachments and mistreatment.
Proclamation of 1763
- British decree prohibiting colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
- Required settlers in those areas to return east, favoring Native American land rights.
Stamp Act
- British legislation enacted in 1756 imposing taxes on newspapers and legal documents through a mandatory stamp.
Boycott
- Collective refusal to engage in commerce with specific organizations as a form of protest.
Boston Massacre
- Incident in 1770 where British soldiers killed five colonists during a confrontation, marking the first casualties of the American Revolution.
First Continental Congress
- Gathering of delegates from all colonies (except Georgia) to address grievances with Britain and seek independence.
Battles of Lexington and Concord
- First engagements of the Revolutionary War on April 19, 1775, triggered by British attempts to seize colonial arms.
- Resulted in a British retreat to Boston.
Revolutionary War
- Conflict from 1776 (Declaration of Independence) to 1783 (Treaty of Paris) leading to American independence from Britain.
Common Sense
- Influential pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for American independence and critiquing monarchy.
Second Continental Congress
- Convened to organize the Continental Army, appoint George Washington as commander, and draft the Declaration of Independence.
Olive Branch Petition
- Final peace offer from the colonies to Britain in 1775, seeking redress of grievances but rejected by Parliament.
Declaration of Independence
- Formal declaration by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, asserting American independence.
Enlightenment
- 18th-century intellectual movement promoting reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.
Preamble
- Introductory section of a formal document, setting the stage for its content.
Natural Rights
- Philosophical concept stating that all humans are entitled to certain fundamental rights: life, liberty, and property.
Rule of Law
- Principle that the law applies equally to everyone, including those who govern.
Battle of Bunker Hill
- Major early battle showing American resolve; Americans retreated after running out of ammunition, but inflicted heavy British casualties.
Casualty
- Individual killed or injured in conflict.
Loyalist
- Colonists who remained supportive of British authority during the American Revolution.
Mercenary
- Professional soldiers hired by foreign countries, such as Hessians employed by Britain.
Battle of Trenton
- Surprise attack by Washington's forces against Hessian troops on Christmas night 1776, resulting in a critical American victory.
Battle of Saratoga
- Turning point of the Revolutionary War, leading to French support for the American cause.
Sons of Liberty
- Group formed to organize resistance and boycotts against British policies.
John Adams
- Acted as legal counsel for British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre, showcasing his commitment to justice.
Sugar Act
- Legislation that reduced duties on sugar imports while reinforcing British revenue from colonial purchases.
Quartering Act
- Law requiring colonists to provide housing for British troops stationed in America.
Declaratory Act
- Affirmed British Parliament's authority to legislate for the colonies following the repeal of the Stamp Act.
Townshend Act
- Legislation imposing increased taxes on imported goods, spurring colonial boycotts against British products.
Tea Act
- Maintained the tax on tea to support the financially troubled East India Company, leading to colonial protest and the Boston Tea Party.
Intolerable Acts
- Series of punitive measures taken by Britain in response to the Boston Tea Party, including the closing of Boston Harbor.
Blockade
- British naval strategy blocking supplies and reinforcements along the Atlantic coast during the war.
Profiteering
- Practice of selling scarce goods at inflated prices, often associated with merchants during wartime.
Inflation
- Economic condition characterized by rising prices, diminishing purchasing power for colonists.
Battle of Yorktown
- Final major battle of the Revolutionary War, where British General Cornwallis surrendered, leading to American victory.
Treaty of Paris (1783)
- Agreement recognizing American independence, concluding the Revolutionary War among Great Britain, Spain, France, and the US.
Impact of Revolution
- Established American independence and inspired national pride.
- Challenged societal norms regarding women's roles and slavery, but restrictive practices persisted, especially in the South.
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Description
Explore important terms and concepts from U.S. History Chapter 4 with this set of flashcards. Understand the significance of events like the French and Indian War and the Albany Plan of Union that shaped early American history. Perfect for students preparing for exams or enhancing their knowledge.
