Salutary Neglect and Albany Plan Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What was the primary reason the Tea Act of 1773 angered the colonists?

It increased the price of tea.

It prohibited the sale of tea in the colonies.

It allowed the British East India Company to pay fewer taxes than colonial merchants. (correct)

It made tea a symbol of British oppression.

What event occurred on December 16th, 1773, in response to the Tea Act?

Colonial merchants began a march on Boston.

The Quebec Act was passed.

The First Continental Congress was convened.

The Boston Tea Party took place. (correct)

Which act closed the port of Boston as a result of the Boston Tea Party?

Quebec Act

Intolerable Acts (correct)

Declaratory Act

Tea Act

What was one result of the First Continental Congress convened in 1774?

Preparation for a defensive war against British troops. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the British general in charge of troops in Boston at the time of the initial conflict with the colonists?

General Gage Signup and view all the answers

What tactic did colonists use to engage British forces during their retreat from Concord?

Guerilla warfare. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the colonial response to the Tea Act?

It galvanized support for independence among the colonies. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acts recognized the Catholic Church and granted political rights to Catholics?

Quebec Act Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Albany Plan of Union proposed by Ben Franklin?

To unify the colonies under a single government Signup and view all the answers

Which group primarily sided with Great Britain during the French and Indian War?

Iroquois Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Washington's action at Fort Necessity?

The start of the French and Indian War Signup and view all the answers

What did the Treaty of Paris (1763) accomplish?

Ceded Canadian territories to Great Britain Signup and view all the answers

What was one major effect of the French and Indian War on the British Empire?

The British government was financially strained Signup and view all the answers

How did colonial attitudes change after the French and Indian War?

Colonists developed a stronger sense of unity Signup and view all the answers

Which military strategy was employed by General Braddock during his campaign?

Direct assault on French forts Signup and view all the answers

What approach did William Pitt take concerning colonial involvement in the war?

He sought to control colonial resources directly Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of France's defeat in the French and Indian War?

The Iroquois formed a lasting alliance with Great Britain Signup and view all the answers

What role did trade play in the relationships during the French and Indian War?

It led to competition and conflict among nations Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the Proclamation of 1763 for the colonists?

It increased tensions between colonists and Native Americans. Signup and view all the answers

Which act imposed a tax on printed materials in the colonies?

Stamp Act Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the passage of the Sugar Act in 1764?

To stop colonial trading with France and Spain. Signup and view all the answers

How did Patrick Henry contribute to the opposition against British rule?

He delivered fiery speeches advocating for self-taxation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Mutiny Act of 1765?

To require colonists to support the British army. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of the Stamp Act on the colonies?

It resulted in widespread protests and a sense of unity among colonists. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Crispus Attucks in relation to the Boston Massacre?

The first American death in the American Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Townshend Acts play in colonial unrest?

They imposed duties on specific goods like tea, lead, and paint. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Ben Franklin become involved during the Stamp Act Crisis?

His newspaper was directly impacted by the tax. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Declaratory Act establish about the relationship between Parliament and the colonies?

Parliament maintained direct control over colonial legislation. Signup and view all the answers

How did the British government's view change after Pontiac's Rebellion?

They decided to limit colonial expansion into western territories. Signup and view all the answers

Which British Prime Minister successfully repealed the Stamp Act?

Rockingham Signup and view all the answers

What did colonists do in response to the Stamp Act?

They boycotted British goods. Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the events of the Boston Massacre?

A confrontation between British soldiers and a colonial mob. Signup and view all the answers

What misconception does Paul Revere's engraving of the Boston Massacre portray?

The soldiers acted without provocation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Salutary Neglect and the Albany Plan

Mid-1750s: Colonies largely independent, acting as separate entities.
Common threat: French and Native Americans.
Albany Plan of Union (1754): Proposed by Ben Franklin, aimed to unite colonies for defense against French/Native threat.
Plan envisioned a general governor (appointed by the King) overseeing all colonies except Georgia and Nova Scotia, alongside a legislative council elected by colonial legislatures.
Plan was rejected by colonies, highlighting their desire for independence.

French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)

French had strong relationships with Native Americans.
French traders married Native women, and Jesuits converted natives.
Iroquois Confederacy traded with British, Dutch, and French, actively mediating conflicts between these powers.
Claim on the Ohio Valley created conflict between France, Great Britain, and Iroquois.
War in North America (1754-1763), part of a larger 80-year conflict with Britain, (Treaty of Utrecht).
Iroquois sided mostly with British due to trade.
British forts in the Ohio Valley threatened the British.
George Washington initiated conflict at Fort Necessity; French victory and Washington's surrender.
General Braddock's forces defeated and killed by French and Native forces.
War expanded to Europe, Caribbean, and India (1756).
William Pitt brought war under direct British control, initially increasing colonial burdens (supplies, troops).
Pitt relaxed policies.
Quebec fell (1759), France surrendered Canada (1760).
George III sought peace, Treaty of Paris (1763) signed.

Roots of Conflict

French expansion under Louis XIV.
Eighty years of conflict with Britain, ending with the Treaty of Utrecht.
French lost territory in North America (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia).
Iroquois alliance with Britain.
French forts in Ohio Valley; Washington's actions ignited conflict.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

France ceded significant North American territories (Canada, lands east of the Mississippi River, except Louisiana).
Louisiana and claims west of the Mississippi River transferred to Spain.
British anger towards colonists for perceived lack of effort during war.
Native American losses and Iroquois defeat; end of division.

New Views of British Imperialism

Colonists resisted British control post-war.
Resisted taxation, and self-taxation.
Ignored British trade regulations.
Shift from mercantilism to valuing land and population (increased taxation).
British empire doubled in size post-war.

Post-War Challenges and Grenville's Policies

Britain in massive debt; imposed colonial taxes in London.
George III's involvement and patronage systems.
George Grenville (1763): Colonies must reimburse Britain for war expenses.
Increased control and taxation.

Road to Revolution

Britain's increased prices for goods sold to natives.
Britain’s payment of rent to natives on western forts.
Pontiac's Rebellion (1763): Native American uprising against British expansion (failed).
Proclamation of 1763: Banned British settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains; colonists largely ignored it.

Parliament Acts

Sugar Act (1764): Tax on sugar and molasses; harmed American trade.
Currency Act (1764): Colonies banned from using paper money; forced usage of gold/silver.
Stamp Act (1765): Tax on printed documents, a direct attempt to raise revenue without colonial representation. Affected all colonists, led to a depression.
Townshend Acts (1767): Taxes on lead, paint, paper, and tea; challenged colonial self-governance.

Important People

Patrick Henry: Fiery speeches against British taxation.
James Otis: Advocated for Stamp Act Congress.
Sam Adams: Organized the Sons of Liberty.

Repeal of Stamp Act & Declaratory Act

Rockingham, a new Prime Minister, repealed the Stamp Act.
The Declaratory Act, also passed, asserted Parliamentary authority over the colonies.

Changing Prime Ministers

Shifting leadership amidst escalating tensions. (Rockingham, Pitt, Townshend, and Lord North)

Boston Massacre

March 5, 1770: British troops clashed with colonists; five colonists killed.
Crispus Attucks was a central figure, but the event was highly propagandized.
Growing colonists' resistance.

Boston Tea Party

1773: British East India Company faced bankruptcy, leading to the Tea Act.
Colonists, disguised as Mohawk Indians, dumped tea in Boston Harbor to protest British policies.

Coercive/Intolerable Acts

Britain imposed acts to punish Boston: port closure, colonial self-governance restrictions, etc.

Quebec Act (1774)

Expanded British territory into America; granted political rights to Catholics, further angering colonists.

First Continental Congress (1774)

Colonies met to protest British policies; rejected political union, but pledged to meet again and prepare for potential conflict.
Prep for war and formation of "minutemen".

Lexington and Concord

1775: British troops marched to seize colonial arms; clashes with Minutemen.
Start of the American Revolution.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the period of Salutary Neglect and the Albany Plan of Union. Explore how these historical events shaped the relationships between the American colonies and their European counterparts in the mid-18th century. Assess the impact of the French and Indian War on colonial unity and independence.