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What was the primary goal of manifest destiny?
What was the primary goal of manifest destiny?
What major piece of legislation helped fulfill America's commitment to manifest destiny?
What major piece of legislation helped fulfill America's commitment to manifest destiny?
What was a primary cause of the Indian Wars between 1860 and 1890?
What was a primary cause of the Indian Wars between 1860 and 1890?
What was a key impact of the discovery of gold and silver in the mid-1800s?
What was a key impact of the discovery of gold and silver in the mid-1800s?
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What was the last major conflict between Native Americans and the U.S. Army?
What was the last major conflict between Native Americans and the U.S. Army?
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Which invention was crucial for settlers on the Great Plains to guard their property?
Which invention was crucial for settlers on the Great Plains to guard their property?
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What best describes the Populist Movement of the 1890s?
What best describes the Populist Movement of the 1890s?
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Which group could join the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) when it was founded?
Which group could join the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) when it was founded?
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What was the purpose of Hawaii's annexation by the U.S.?
What was the purpose of Hawaii's annexation by the U.S.?
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Which movement aimed to limit the power of big business and improve society during the early 20th century?
Which movement aimed to limit the power of big business and improve society during the early 20th century?
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What did Jim Crow Laws enforce in the United States?
What did Jim Crow Laws enforce in the United States?
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What was a common reason children worked in factories during this period?
What was a common reason children worked in factories during this period?
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What policy did President Wilson advocate for regarding WWI?
What policy did President Wilson advocate for regarding WWI?
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What was the major misconception regarding Yellow Journalism?
What was the major misconception regarding Yellow Journalism?
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Which of the following statements about anti-suffragists is true?
Which of the following statements about anti-suffragists is true?
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What was the main reason for American intervention in various Latin American countries between 1890 and 1917?
What was the main reason for American intervention in various Latin American countries between 1890 and 1917?
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What economic change influenced American expansionism in the late nineteenth century?
What economic change influenced American expansionism in the late nineteenth century?
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Which of the following industrial leaders argued for the necessity of expansion to support American industry?
Which of the following industrial leaders argued for the necessity of expansion to support American industry?
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What was one of the main reasons U.S. businesses sought foreign markets in the late nineteenth century?
What was one of the main reasons U.S. businesses sought foreign markets in the late nineteenth century?
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What role did American imperialism play in foreign relations with Latin America?
What role did American imperialism play in foreign relations with Latin America?
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Which advancement was crucial for American industrial growth in the late nineteenth century?
Which advancement was crucial for American industrial growth in the late nineteenth century?
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What was a potential consequence of failing to secure new foreign markets for U.S. goods?
What was a potential consequence of failing to secure new foreign markets for U.S. goods?
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American imperialism is often attributed to which of the following causes?
American imperialism is often attributed to which of the following causes?
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Which companies exemplified American corporate interests in Latin America during the period of expansion?
Which companies exemplified American corporate interests in Latin America during the period of expansion?
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What demographic shift occurred in the United States during the late nineteenth century as a result of industrialization?
What demographic shift occurred in the United States during the late nineteenth century as a result of industrialization?
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What was a major impact of the Progressive movement on American society?
What was a major impact of the Progressive movement on American society?
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What is the best definition of nationalism?
What is the best definition of nationalism?
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Which Supreme Court decision stated that segregation by law was constitutional, provided accommodations were equal?
Which Supreme Court decision stated that segregation by law was constitutional, provided accommodations were equal?
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What was a significant consequence of Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare?
What was a significant consequence of Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare?
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Who were muckrakers?
Who were muckrakers?
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Why was imperialism considered a threat to international peace?
Why was imperialism considered a threat to international peace?
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What was the primary message of the Zimmerman Telegram?
What was the primary message of the Zimmerman Telegram?
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What diplomatic approach is associated with William Howard Taft?
What diplomatic approach is associated with William Howard Taft?
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Which journalist is recognized for using photography to reveal extreme poverty among immigrants?
Which journalist is recognized for using photography to reveal extreme poverty among immigrants?
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What was the purpose of the Selective Service Act?
What was the purpose of the Selective Service Act?
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What did the 19th Amendment accomplish?
What did the 19th Amendment accomplish?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes Yellow Journalism?
Which of the following statements accurately describes Yellow Journalism?
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Who among the following was a muckraker that exposed the corrupt practices of the Standard Oil Company?
Who among the following was a muckraker that exposed the corrupt practices of the Standard Oil Company?
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What did the Espionage and Sedition Act prohibit?
What did the Espionage and Sedition Act prohibit?
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What role did the War Industries Board play during the war?
What role did the War Industries Board play during the war?
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What was a major economic challenge faced by the American economy in the late 1800s?
What was a major economic challenge faced by the American economy in the late 1800s?
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What event is typically viewed as a turning point in American diplomacy?
What event is typically viewed as a turning point in American diplomacy?
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What justification was used to align American colonialism with its political values?
What justification was used to align American colonialism with its political values?
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Which of the following figures advocated for the idea of a 'new manifest destiny'?
Which of the following figures advocated for the idea of a 'new manifest destiny'?
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Which of the following describes the sentiment of American workers in the late 1800s amidst economic instability?
Which of the following describes the sentiment of American workers in the late 1800s amidst economic instability?
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One of the results of the Spanish American War was that the United States:
One of the results of the Spanish American War was that the United States:
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What were two economic arguments in favor of American imperialism?
What were two economic arguments in favor of American imperialism?
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Which characteristic described the American approach to imperialism following the Spanish American War?
Which characteristic described the American approach to imperialism following the Spanish American War?
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Study Notes
Manifest Destiny
- The primary goal of manifest destiny was westward expansion to the Pacific Ocean.
- The Homestead Act and transcontinental railroad completion helped fulfill this goal.
- Indian Wars (1860-1890) resulted from settlers moving onto the Great Plains.
- The discovery of gold and silver in the mid-1800s caused population growth in western territories.
Federal Land Grants to Railroads
- The government provided land and loans to railroads.
- Loan amounts varied based on terrain. ($16,000 for level land, $32,000 for hilly land, $48,000 for mountain land)
- The map displays land granted to railroads by 1871.
Late 19th Century Developments
- Settlers populated the Great Plains.
- Standard time zones were created.
- The first federal regulatory agency was established.
- Business management and finance methods were introduced.
- Railroads were important to U.S. development.
Corn Production and Prices
- Between 1870 and 1900, corn production and prices were correlated.
- Production increases were linked to price decreases.
Battle of Little Bighorn
- Native Americans led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse were victorious.
Buffalo Population Decline
- Over-hunting by white settlers led to the decline of the buffalo population.
Wounded Knee Massacre
- The last major Native American-U.S. Army conflict involved the Wounded Knee massacre.
Inventions and the Great Plains
- Barbed wire helped protect property from cattle drives.
Populist Movement
- A political coalition of farming interests opposed railroad and banking interests.
Yellow Journalism and Spanish-American War
- Yellow journalists stirred support using articles about the sinking of the Maine.
- Journalism articles promoted the Spanish-American War.
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
- Skilled and unskilled laborers, regardless of race/ ethnicity, immigrants, and women were part of the IWW.
- This included farmworkers.
Knights of Labor and American Federation of Labor (AFL)
- Both groups aimed to improve workers' conditions.
- Focus on better working conditions, higher wages, and safety measures.
Urbanization and Industrialization
- Rural populations migrated to urban areas.
- Railroad mileage and industrialization increased city populations.
- The percentage of the U.S. population in cities continuously rose.
Progressive Era Workplace Reforms
- Improvements in factory safety.
- Reduced work hours.
- Increased wages.
- Limits on child labor.
Muckrakers
- Investigative journalists and novelists exposed social and political corruption.
- Public was made aware of the harsh realities in poverty, politics and industry.
Plessy v. Ferguson
- The Supreme Court decision stated segregation by law was constitutional as long as accommodations were equal.
Progressive Movement Impact
- Increased government regulation of business.
Nationalism
- The belief that one's own nation is superior to others led to conflict among nations.
Imperialism Threat to Peace
- Competition for colonies resulted in conflict between nations.
Zimmerman Telegram
- The German foreign minister proposed an alliance with Mexico against the U.S.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
- Germany's policy of attacking neutral ships.
- This was followed by the sinking of the Lusitania which led to United States entering World War 1.
WWI Military Innovations
- Poison gas
- Trench warfare
- Machine guns
- Submarines
- Airplanes
- Hand grenades
- Innovations led to high numbers of casualties.
US Presidents and Diplomacy
- William Howard Taft (Dollar Diplomacy)
- William McKinley (Open Door Policy)
- Theodore Roosevelt (Big Stick Diplomacy)
- Woodrow Wilson (Moral Diplomacy)
Constitutional Amendments
- 17th Amendment: Direct election of senators.
- 18th Amendment: Prohibition (repealed by the 21st).
- 19th Amendment: Women's right to vote.
Civil Rights Icons
- Booker T. Washington
- W.E.B. Du Bois
Progressive Reformers
- Ida Tarbell (Standard Oil corruption)
- Jacob Riis (immigrant poverty)
- Upton Sinclair (meatpacking industry)
- Ida B. Wells (lynching)
Progressive Groups
- Politicians (business reform)
- Muckrakers (exposing corruption)
- Conservationists (natural resource preservation)
- Women's rights advocates (protecting women, children, immigrants)
Terms & Definitions
War Industries Board - Coordinated private businesses for war supplies Liberty Bonds - Funded war efforts through loans to citizens Victory Gardens - Citizens grew their own food during the war Committee on Public Information - Created propaganda for the war Selective Service Act - Allowed for military drafting.
Espionage & Sedition Acts
- Restricted speech critical of the war effort.
- These restrictions impacted freedom of speech.
Annexation
- Formal act of a state claiming sovereignty over territory.
Hawaiian Planters
- Wanted to join the U.S to increase sugar crop sales.
Child Labor
- Children worked in mills/mines due to small size.
American Federation of Labor (AFL) & Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
- Labor unions that still exist today.
Progressive Movement
- Series of social and political reforms aimed at business regulation, justice, and societal improvements.
Jim Crow Laws
- Laws that upheld segregation.
Isolationism
- Policy that avoided political and economic entanglements with other countries.
WWI Goal
- Woodrow Wilson's goal was a "war to end all wars"
American Imperialism in Asia and Latin America
- U.S. gained possession of many territories (Hawaii, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Samoa, etc.).
- Protectorates were established in Cuba, Panama, and the Dominican Republic.
- Took part in many interventions in other countries.
- The growth of American economy was related to the emergence as a major player in Asia and Latin America.
American Economy and Expansion
- The American economy transformed from family-owned businesses to large corporations (driven by industry and communication innovations like electricity).
- Industrial expansion created a demand for new markets and resources leading to American expansion.
Dawes Act
- The Dawes Act broke up tribal lands.
- The Dawes Act resulted in the loss of tribal land to non-natives.
- The Dawes Act aimed to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream American society.
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Description
Test your knowledge on significant events and movements in 19th century U.S. history, including Manifest Destiny, Indian Wars, and the Populist Movement. This quiz covers key legislation, impacts of discovery, and social laws that shaped America during this period.
