US History 1800-1860 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

The ______ was a significant event reflecting the struggles of American farmers against economic hardships.

Shay's Rebellion

The ______ aimed to expand the United States westward based on the belief that it was their destiny.

Manifest Destiny

The ______ was a compromise that established the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Missouri Compromise

The ______ was a significant legal case that addressed the status of enslaved individuals and their rights.

Dred Scott Case Signup and view all the answers

The ______ was an important piece of legislation that allowed for the return of runaway enslaved people to their owners.

Fugitive Slave Act Signup and view all the answers

The formulation and ratification of the US Constitution was a significant event following the Articles of ______.

Confederation Signup and view all the answers

One important political change in the early to mid 1800s was the rise of ______ Jackson and his influence on the Presidency.

Andrew Signup and view all the answers

In the mid 19th century, freedom was defined differently in the ______ compared to the South.

North Signup and view all the answers

Westward expansion during the 1800s was significantly impacted by the ______ American War.

Mexican Signup and view all the answers

The institution of ______ shaped the values and institutions of the Antebellum South.

slavery Signup and view all the answers

The issue of slavery was a driving force that pushed the US toward ______ War in the mid 1800s.

Civil Signup and view all the answers

Various groups emerged to resist and fight against the institution of ______.

slavery Signup and view all the answers

Key events leading to the Civil War include ______ compromises and rising tensions between the North and South.

political Signup and view all the answers

The Free Labor ______ emphasized the importance of individual work and economic independence in the North.

Ideal Signup and view all the answers

Mastery in historical concepts includes understanding the ______ changes in society during the early 1800s.

diplomatic Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution?

The Articles of Confederation created a weak central government with limited powers, while the US Constitution established a stronger federal government with a separation of powers. Signup and view all the answers

What were the main political, social and cultural changes that occurred in the early to mid 1800s?

The early to mid 1800s saw major changes in the US, including the rise of political parties, the expansion of the nation westward, the intensification of the debate over slavery, and the emergence of new social movements such as abolitionism and women's rights. Signup and view all the answers

Andrew Jackson's impact on the Presidency was predominantly positive.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

How was freedom defined in the American North and West in the mid-19th century?

Freedom in the North and West in the mid-19th century was often associated with access to land, economic opportunity, and freedom from slavery. However, it was not universally applied, as African Americans and other marginalized groups faced discrimination and limited rights. Signup and view all the answers

How did westward expansion impact the US in the mid-19th century?

Westward expansion had a profound impact on the US, fueling economic growth, territorial expansion, and the development of new industries. However, it also resulted in conflict with Native American tribes, the forced removal of Native Americans from their lands, and the expansion of slavery into new territories. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Mexican-American War and what was its impact on the US?

The Mexican-American War was a conflict between the US and Mexico over disputed territories in the Southwest. The US victory resulted in the acquisition of vast new territories, including California, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Nevada, Utah, and Colorado. This contributed significantly to the expansion of the US and its westward expansion. Signup and view all the answers

How did slavery shape the institutions and values of the antebellum South?

Slavery was the cornerstone of the Southern economy and society. The institution of slavery shaped everything from Southern agriculture, politics, and social structures to Southern values and beliefs. It created a deeply divided society with a powerful elite class of slaveholders and a large population of enslaved people who had no rights or freedom. Signup and view all the answers

How did the issue of slavery drive the United States toward Civil War in the mid-1800s?

The issue of slavery was a divisive and contentious issue in the US from its inception, and it became increasingly polarized in the mid-1800s with the expansion of the country westward. The debate over whether slavery should be allowed in new territories ignited violent conflicts, political divisions, and ultimately the secession of Southern states, leading to the Civil War. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how different groups resisted and fought against the institution of slavery.

Various groups resisted slavery throughout the antebellum period. These included enslaved people who staged rebellions, organized escapes through the Underground Railroad, and fought for their freedom in the Civil War. Abolitionists worked to end slavery through political activism, public campaigns, and legal challenges. Some white Southerners also opposed slavery for moral or economic reasons. Signup and view all the answers

What key events lead up to and during the Civil War?

Key events leading up to the Civil War included the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid, the election of Abraham Lincoln, and the secession of Southern states. The war itself saw major battles, such as Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Antietam, the Emancipation Proclamation, and the eventual defeat of the Confederacy. Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Civil War have on the United States?

The Civil War had a profound impact on the United States. It resulted in the abolition of slavery, the reunification of the nation, and the expansion of federal power. However, it also left a legacy of racial inequality, economic devastation, and political divisions that continued to shape American society for generations. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their respective definitions:

Free Labor Ideal = A concept that emphasized the dignity and independence of free labor as opposed to slave labor, particularly in the context of westward expansion and the growing conflict over slavery. Articles of Confederation = The first government established by the newly independent United States, which created a weak central government and limited powers. Republicanism = A form of government based on the consent of the governed, with elected representatives and a system of checks and balances. Gradual Emancipation = A method of abolishing slavery by gradually freeing slaves over a period of time, often with provisions for compensation to slave owners. Northwest Ordinance = Legislation that established a system for governing the Northwest Territory, which included provisions for land surveys, the creation of townships and states, and the guarantee of certain civil rights. Ft. Sumter = The site of the first battle of the Civil War, which marked the beginning of the conflict. Manifest Destiny = A widely held belief in the 19th century that the United States was destined to expand westward across the continent. Lone Star Republic = The name given to Texas after it declared independence from Mexico in 1836 and before it joined the United States in 1845. Mexican American War = A war between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848, which led to the US acquiring vast territory in the Southwest. Seneca Fall Movement = A watershed moment in the women's rights movement, where a convention in Seneca Falls, New York, issued a Declaration of Sentiments calling for equal rights for women. Abolitionist Movement = A social and political movement in the 19th century dedicated to the abolition of slavery. Mason Dixon Line = An imaginary boundary line that separated free states from slave states. New Jersey Plan = A proposal for a system of government at the Constitutional Convention that favored smaller states by giving each state an equal number of representatives in the legislature. Great Compromise/King Cotton = A compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention that created a bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives based on population and a Senate with equal representation for each state. King Cotton refers to the economic and political dominance of cotton production in the Southern states. Commerce Compromise = An agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention that gave Congress the power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce but prohibited it from taxing exports. 3/5 Clause = A provision in the US Constitution that counted enslaved people as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of representation in Congress. Slave Trade Compromise = A compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention that protected the slave trade for 20 years. Electoral Compromise = A compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention that established the Electoral College as the method for electing the President. Shay's Rebellion = An uprising by farmers in Massachusetts in 1786-1787, which highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and contributed to the development of the US Constitution. Virginia Plan = A proposal for a system of government at the Constitutional Convention that favored larger states by giving states representation based on population in both houses of the legislature. Federalism = A system of government where power is divided between a national government and state governments. Marbury v Madison = A landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, giving the Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional. Louisiana Purchase = The acquisition of a vast territory from France in 1803, which doubled the size of the United States. Miscegenation = The interbreeding of people of different races, particularly used to refer to relationships between white people and people of color. The term often carries a negative connotation and is considered offensive. Wilmot Proviso = A proposal in 1846 that sought to prohibit slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico. Compromise of 1850 = A series of five bills passed by Congress in an attempt to resolve the issue of slavery, but which ultimately exacerbated tensions. Fugitive Slave Act = A law passed as part of the Compromise of 1850 that required people in free states to return escaped slaves to their owners. Uncle Tom's Cabin = A best-selling novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that depicted the horrors of slavery and contributed to the growing abolitionist movement. Dred Scott Case = A Supreme Court case in 1857 that ruled that enslaved people were not citizens and could not sue in federal court. The decision also declared that Congress could not prohibit slavery in territories. Kansas-Nebraska Act = A law passed in 1854 that allowed residents of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery. The act triggered a period of violence in Kansas known as Bleeding Kansas. Bleed Kansas = A period of violent conflict in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups, from 1854 to 1859. Secession & Confederate States = The secession of Southern states from the Union following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, and the formation of the Confederate States of America. Appomattox = The site of the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee to Union General Ulysses S. Grant in 1865, which effectively ended the Civil War. George Washington = The first President of the United States. Alexander Hamilton = One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, a key figure in the development of the US financial system. John Adams = The second President of the United States. Thomas Jefferson = The third President of the United States and the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. Andrew Jackson = The seventh President of the United States, known for his military leadership and populist appeal but also for his controversial policies related to Native Americans and westward expansion. Federalists = A political party that favored a strong central government and supported the Constitution. Anti-Federalists = A political party that opposed the Constitution and favored a weaker central government. Whigs = A political party that emerged in the 1830s, generally opposed the policies of Andrew Jackson and favored economic development and modernization. Democrats = A political party that emerged in the 1830s, generally supported the policies of Andrew Jackson and favored states' rights and limited government. Elizabeth Cady Stanton = A leading figure in the women's rights movement, a key author of the Declaration of Sentiments. Lucretia Mott = A Quaker activist who played a key role in the abolitionist movement and the women's rights movement. Abolitionists = Those who advocated for the abolition of slavery. Harriet Beecher Stowe = A writer best known for her novel 'Uncle Tom's Cabin,' which was a powerful indictment of slavery and had a major impact on the abolitionist movement. Dred Scott = An enslaved man who was the plaintiff in the Dred Scott case, which had a profound impact on the debate over slavery. John Brown = An abolitionist who believed that violent resistance was necessary to end slavery. He led a raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, which ultimately failed but further inflamed tensions. A. Lincoln = The sixteenth President of the United States, who led the Union to victory in the Civil War and issued the Emancipation Proclamation. Frederick Douglass = A former enslaved man who became a leading abolitionist, orator, and writer. Harriet Tubman = An escaped enslaved woman who became an abolitionist and conductor on the Underground Railroad, helping countless enslaved people escape to freedom. The 54th Regiment = A famous regiment of African American soldiers who fought for the Union during the Civil War. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Manifest Destiny

The concept that the United States was destined to expand its territory across North America, and it was divinely ordained to do so.

The Great Compromise

A compromise during the Constitutional Convention that determined the balance of power in the national government. It combined parts of the Virginia and New Jersey plans, creating a bicameral Congress with a Senate representing states equally and a House based on population.

Missouri Compromise

This law prohibited the expansion of slavery into the Louisiana Territory north of 36°30’ latitude.

Dred Scott case

A Supreme Court case that declared that enslaved African Americans were not citizens and did not have the right to sue in federal court. It also overturned the Missouri Compromise, allowing slavery to spread to territories previously considered free.