US Government: Democracy and Constitution Units

Unit 1: Democracy

• Democracy originated in ancient Athens and Rome (city-states)
• Characterized by participation (demos) and rule (kratos)
• Built on primitive forms of democratic concepts found in hunter-gatherer societies.
• Athenian democracy lasted about 200 years
• Modern democracies are diverse and have evolved over time.

Unit 2: US Constitution

• The Stamp Act (1765) imposed a tax on printed materials in the colonies.
• Colonists reacted with boycotts and protests.
• The Townshend Acts (later) imposed taxes on imported goods.
• The American Revolution, a struggle between patriots and loyalists, took place between 1775-1783.
• The American Revolution was a struggle against British rule.
• The Treaty of Paris in 1783 ended the war and recognized the independence of the United States.
• Thomas Paine's writings advocated for representative democracy.

Unit 3: Federalism

• The Articles of Confederation were established prior to the Constitution.
• The Articles of Confederation lacked a strong central government.
• This led to many problems for the new nation.
• Federalism: a governmental system where powers are divided between the central and regional governments.
• Has advantages and disadvantages.

Unit 4: Civil Liberties and Rights

• Civil liberties are fundamental rights protected from government infringement.
• The Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution.
• Protects individual freedoms like speech, religion, etc.
• The importance of balancing individual liberties with public order is an ongoing social and political debate.
• Examples include the early American history through contemporary examples like the USA Patriot Act.

Unit 5: The Presidency

• The American presidency is not the same as the monarchial systems of other countries
• The American form of government was based on precedents as well.
• Presidential requirements in terms of age, birthright, citizenship, and residence are defined in the constitution.
• The 22nd Amendment limits presidents to two elected terms.
• Power of the President is frequently checked by the Executive branch, Congress and the Judiciary.
• Examples of power include being the Commander in chief of the armed forces, appointing ambassadors, making treaties, granting pardons, and vetoing legislation.

Unit 6: Congress

• The structure of Congress, with a bicameral system of a House of Representatives and a Senate, was designed with compromises to balance the needs of different states.
• Congressional members represent specific constituencies, either state-wide or through districts.
• Key responsibilities include making laws, declaring war, and approving presidential appointments.
• Congress is a significant part of the legislative process.

Unit 7: The Judiciary

• The US judicial branch derives from English legal traditions including its use of precedents, and trial by jury.
• The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the structure of the federal court system (District Courts, Circuit Courts, and Supreme Court).
• Federal court justices’ terms are lifetime appointments.
• The US Supreme Court can review laws enacted by Congress and state legislatures to ensure they are consistent with the Constitution.
• Judicial review is a very important check on executive and legislative power.

Unit 8: Political Parties

• Political parties are important for organizing and influencing government.
• They support candidates, influence policy, and mobilize voters.
• There have historically been multiple distinct political parties, which have evolved
• The two-party system, currently composed of Democrats and Republicans, greatly influences American political discourse and campaigns.

Unit 9: Elections and Political Participation

• Elections are a fundamental aspect of American democracy.
• The Electoral College, rather than a direct popular vote, determines the US president.
• Campaign financing, rules, and regulations are complex, and the power of money in politics continues to be substantial
• Political participation involves voting, activism and other related activities.

Unit 10: The News & Social Media

• Mass media are crucial for disseminating information, including news.
• News media typically act as a check on governmental excesses.
• Contemporary sources like social media have profoundly changed how the general public is informed.
• The media’s ability to shape public perceptions and sway opinions is important to understand.
• Mass media include newspapers, TV, radio, and Internet outlets.

Unit 11: Interest Groups

• Interest groups are organizations of like-minded people who attempt to influence public policy.
• Interest groups play a role in influencing the government.
• Interest groups frequently use lobbying and other tactics to meet their goals.

Unit 12: US Foreign Policy

• US foreign policy has evolved over time. A focus on national interest during the rise of the nation gives way to international involvement later.
• Economic, social, and political considerations are a part of foreign policy decision making.
• Issues like immigration, refugee status, and undocumented immigration are key components of foreign policy.

Explore the foundational concepts of democracy, the significance of the US Constitution, and the principles of federalism. This quiz covers key historical events, influential documents, and the evolution of democratic systems from ancient times to the modern era.