U.S. Founding Documents Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What did the Declaration of Independence aim to achieve?

Rally troops, secure foreign allies, and justify the break from Britain.

What was the main argument presented in Brutus 1?

A strong central government would threaten individual liberties and state sovereignty.

What was the primary argument in Federalist 10?

A large republic with numerous factions would lead to compromise and prevent any single faction from dominating.

What is a faction, according to James Madison?

<p>A group of citizens united by a common interest seeking to dominate the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Constitution?

<p>To create a balanced government with enough power to act nationally without threatening fundamental rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Article 1 of the Constitution?

<p>Established the legislative branch of the U.S. government, the Congress, composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Summarize Alexander Hamilton's argument in Federalist 70.

<p>An energetic single executive is essential for protecting against foreign threats, efficiently administering laws, and safeguarding liberty and property.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 15th Amendment prohibits states from denying voting rights based on race.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 17th Amendment established the direct election of senators by the people.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 22nd Amendment limits the president to two terms in office.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 24th Amendment abolished poll taxes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 25th Amendment address?

<p>Presidential succession and the process of replacing a president who is unable to fulfill their duties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland.

<p>Federal law takes precedence over state law when they conflict, upholding the supremacy of the national government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Baker v. Carr?

<p>Ruled that voting districts must be drawn in a way that ensures each vote has equal weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main issue in Shaw v. Reno?

<p>The case involved a challenge to a redistricting plan accused of using race as the primary factor in creating voting districts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the ruling in Citizens United v. FEC.

<p>The court struck down limits on campaign contributions from corporations and unions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic concept of federalism?

<p>Sharing of power between the national and state governments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fiscal federalism?

<p>It describes the relationship between national and state governments through spending, taxing, and grant programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of grant provides funding for specific and clearly defined purposes?

<p>Categorical grant</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of grant provides funding for general programs within a broad category?

<p>Block grant</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a government mandate?

<p>A federal requirement that states must comply with, often accompanied by funding to help them implement it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an unfunded mandate?

<p>A federal requirement that states must comply with but without any federal funding to help them do so.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are concurrent powers?

<p>Powers shared by both the national and state governments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the Necessary and Proper Clause.

<p>Allows Congress to create laws or take actions not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution if it's necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Electoral College?

<p>A system established in the Constitution for selecting the president through electors chosen by each state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the winner-take-all system in presidential elections?

<p>The candidate who receives the most votes in a state wins all of that state's electoral votes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe 'horse race journalism'.

<p>News coverage that focuses primarily on poll results and the likelihood of winning rather than on issues and candidates' positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incumbents generally have an advantage in elections.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core principle of Keynesian fiscal policy?

<p>Stimulating the economy by increasing government spending and/or cutting taxes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of supply-side economics?

<p>Boosting economic growth by cutting tax rates to encourage investment and production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sampling error?

<p>Difference between the results of a sample and the actual population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain retrospective voting.

<p>Voters base their decisions on a candidate's past performance in office.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is prospective voting?

<p>Voters choose candidates based on their promises and plans for the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is political efficacy?

<p>Belief that one's political participation makes a difference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an exit poll?

<p>A survey of voters as they leave polling places to gauge their voting choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea of the Full Faith and Credit Clause?

<p>Requires states to recognize the laws, records, and judicial proceedings of other states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the amendment process.

<p>An amendment requires a two-thirds vote in Congress and ratification by three-fourths of the states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic concept of participatory democracy?

<p>Active and widespread political participation is key to a healthy democracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the key idea of pluralist democracy.

<p>Competing interest groups bargain and negotiate to influence government policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core belief of the elite model?

<p>A small, influential group of elites hold the most power and influence in government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are liberal views generally associated with?

<p>Socially progressive policies emphasizing equality and an active government role.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is American political culture?

<p>Shared beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that shape the relationship between citizens and the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of judicial review.

<p>Allows courts to scrutinize laws and government actions to determine whether they conform to the Constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key idea of a limited government?

<p>Restricting governmental power to protect individual rights and prevent tyranny.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is political socialization?

<p>The process by which individuals develop their political beliefs and values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main political parties in the United States?

<p>The Democratic Party and the Republican Party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are candidate-centered campaigns?

<p>Campaigns in which individual candidates play the primary role in organizing and promoting their campaigns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors typically influence the likelihood of voting?

<p>Age, education levels, gender, and occupation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Declaration of Independence

  • Used to rally troops and secure foreign alliances.
  • Preamble justified the colonies' separation from Britain.

Brutus No. 1

  • Argued against a strong central government.
  • Warned of threats to individual liberties and state sovereignty.
  • Advocated for a decentralized government with more local control.

Federalist No. 10

  • Written by James Madison.
  • Argued that a republic with many factions would prevent any one faction from dominating.
  • Compromise and debate would be necessary to pass laws.

Factions

  • Groups of citizens motivated by self-interest aimed at dominating government.

Constitution

  • Created a national government with sufficient power to act but without infringing on basic rights.
  • Written to address weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Article 1

  • Establishes the legislative branch (Congress).
  • Congress is bicameral, composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Article 2

  • Establishes the executive branch, headed by the president.
  • Outlines presidential election methods, powers, duties, and removal procedures.

Federalist No. 70

  • Alexander Hamilton argued for a single, energetic executive.
  • This executive is crucial for protecting liberty and property.
  • A strong executive can better manage laws and defend against foreign threats.

15th Amendment (1870)

  • Prohibits denying voting rights based on race.

17th Amendment

  • Established the direct election of senators by the people, rather than state legislatures.

19th Amendment (1920)

  • Granted women the right to vote.

22nd Amendment

  • Limits presidents to two terms or ten years in office.

24th Amendment

  • Abolished poll taxes.

25th Amendment

  • Addresses presidential succession and disability.
  • Outlines procedures for filling vacancies in the presidency and vice presidency.

McCulloch v. Maryland

  • Supreme Court ruled federal law superior to state law. This involved a Maryland tax on a national bank.

Baker v. Carr

  • Established the principle of "one person, one vote."
  • All votes within a state should have equal weight regardless of residency.

Shaw v. Reno

  • Ruled that race cannot be the sole factor in drawing voting districts.
  • This case challenged North Carolina's redistricting plan.

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

  • Ruled that restrictions on corporate and union contributions to political campaigns violate free speech.

Federalism

  • Division of power between national and state governments.

Fiscal Federalism

  • How the federal government spends, taxes, and distributes grants to state and local governments.

Categorical Grants

  • Funds for specific, clearly defined purposes.

Block Grants

  • General funds for programs within a broad category.

Government Mandate

  • Federal directives states must follow, often with financial incentives.

Unfunded Mandate

  • Federal directives without financial support for compliance.

Concurrent Powers

  • Shared powers between national and state governments.

Necessary and Proper Clause

  • Grants Congress powers implied but not explicitly stated in the Constitution.

Electoral College

  • Unique American institution for presidential selection by electors.

Winner-Take-All System

  • The party with one more vote than any other wins all the electoral votes in a state.

Horse-Race Journalism

  • News coverage that focuses on who is ahead in a campaign, rather than policy issues.

Incumbency Advantage

  • An advantage for the current officeholder during re-election campaigns.

Keynesian Fiscal Policy

  • Government spending and tax cuts increase economic activity.

Supply-Side Economics

  • Reagan-era policy aimed at increasing economic supply by decreasing tax rates.

Sampling Error

  • Potential inaccuracies of a sample survey's findings due to not accurately representing the population.

Retrospective Voting

  • Evaluating a candidate's or party's previous performance in office.

Prospective Voting

  • Voting based on a candidate's platform and policy proposals.

Political Efficacy

  • Belief that political participation can influence policy outcomes.

Exit Polls

  • Surveys conducted after voters leave polling places.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

  • Article IV, Section 1 of the Constitution requires states to recognize the laws and court decisions of other states.

Underfunded Mandate

  • Federal government gradually reduces funding for a program, leaving states to cover the shortfall.

Amendment Process

  • Amendments must be proposed and ratified via specific constitutional processes

Participatory Democracy

  • Emphasizes broad citizen participation in political processes for a true democracy

Pluralist Democracy

  • Characterized by competition and bargaining between interest groups, which influence policies.

Elite Model

  • Political power is concentrated in a few influential elite individuals and groups.

Liberal Views

  • Support for social equality and active government intervention.

American Political Culture

  • Dominant beliefs, customs, traditions, and values defining citizens' relationship with government.

Judicial Review

  • Power of federal courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

Limited Government

  • Government power is restricted to prevent tyranny over citizens; protecting rights and maintaining checks & balances.

Political Socialization

  • Factors influencing voters' political beliefs.

Political Parties

  • Organized groups that attempt to place candidates in office.

Candidate-Centered Campaigns

  • Campaigns focused on the candidate, not necessarily the party affiliation.

Likelihood of Voting

  • Factors such as age, education, gender, and economic status influence voting habits.

Bully Pulpit

  • Presidential use of media platforms to promote policies and engage the public.

Executive Checks Legislative

  • Veto power, nomination of officials, and budgetary influence.

Legislative Checks Executive

  • Impeachment, confirmation or rejection of nominees, and oversight.

House Rules Committee

  • Sets rules regulating debates and amendments in the House of Representatives.
  • Similar to a "traffic cop" for legislation in the House.

Filibuster

  • Senate tactic to delay or block a vote through extended debate.
  • Senators can speak for any amount of time until recognized by the presiding officer.

Presidential Approval Ratings

  • Public assessment of a president's performance.

Gridlock

  • Political stalemate in government when different parties control different branches.

Apportionment

  • Allocation of congressional seats based on a state's population during the decennial census.

Congressional Leadership

  • Speaker of the House, party leaders, and whips organize and direct the House.

Minority Leader

  • Advocates for minority party's agenda and legislation.

Whips

  • Links party leaders to other members, facilitating legislative action.

Types of Voters in Congress

  • Partisan, delegate, trustee, politician-types, and log-rolling.

Impeachment Process

  • House formally accuses, Senate tries and removes an official.

Congressional Oversight

  • Congress' authority to monitor executive branch activities.

Interest Group Activities

  • Educating the public, lobbying, drafting legislation, mobilizing members.

Lobbying

  • Influencing legislative outcomes and policy makers' decisions.

Winner Take All System

  • Candidate with most votes wins all electoral votes in a state;
  • A voting method.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key U.S. founding documents, including the Declaration of Independence and Federalist papers. Explore the arguments for and against a strong central government and the creation of the Constitution. This quiz covers essential concepts that shaped America.

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