U.S. Foreign Policy History Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was the Canal Zone?

An area between Panama and Columbia that was separated to build a canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, operated by the United States.

What did the Monroe Doctrine pledge?

To defend the Western Hemisphere from European intervention.

What is the Roosevelt Corollary?

An addition to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the US should act as an 'International Police Power' in the Western Hemisphere.

What was Dollar Diplomacy?

<p>Taft's foreign policy that promoted investment in foreign economies to strengthen relations and exert influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Moral Imperialism" was an idea proposed by which president?

<p>Woodrow Wilson.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Great War?

<p>The name given to World War I, which began after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Lusitania?

<p>A British ship that was sunk by Germans, resulting in the deaths of 124 Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does "freedom of the seas" refer to?

<p>The principle that neutral nations have the right to trade without interference during wartime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was 'preparedness' in the context of WWI?

<p>A crash program to expand the American army and navy in preparation for World War I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Zimmerman Telegram?

<p>A secret communication from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance against the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Fourteen Points?

<p>A statement of principles for peace proposed by President Wilson to end World War I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the League of Nations?

<p>An international organization envisioned by Wilson to promote peace, which the U.S. never joined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is John J. Pershing?

<p>An American general who led the Meuse-Argonne Campaign during World War I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Selective Service Act of 1917?

<p>It required men to register for the draft, expanding the army significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who headed the War Industries Board?

<p>Bernard Baruch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Food Administration?

<p>An organization directed by Herbert Hoover that ensured food supply for the Allies during WWI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are liberty bonds?

<p>Bonds bought by citizens to fund the war, with repayment after the conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Industrial Workers of the World?

<p>A group that opposed American involvement in World War I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Committee on Public Information?

<p>A government organization that disseminated pro-war propaganda during WWI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jeannette Rankin?

<p>The first woman in Congress who opposed World War I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the National Women's Party?

<p>An organization that fought for women's suffrage using militant tactics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 19th Amendment?

<p>The amendment that granted women the right to vote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Margaret Sanger?

<p>A leader advocating for birth control legalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 18th Amendment accomplish?

<p>It prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Espionage Act?

<p>A law that restricted freedom of speech regarding military success and prohibited spying.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Sedition Act of 1918 ban?

<p>Spoken or written statements that criticized the government or interfered with the war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Eugene V. Debs?

<p>A socialist leader convicted under the Espionage Act for an anti-war speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the "race problem"?

<p>Tensions stemming from America's diverse ethnic composition, recognizing over 45 races.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is eugenics?

<p>The study of alleged mental characteristics of different races.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Americanization entail?

<p>The process wherein immigrants adopt American customs and culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the melting-pot concept?

<p>The idea that new immigrants should merge into the existing American nationality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Lewis Terman?

<p>A psychologist who created the term IQ, measuring mental capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Gentlemen's Agreement?

<p>An agreement to limit Japanese immigration in exchange for allowing families of current workers to join them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was 'Birth of a Nation'?

<p>A film that glorified the Ku Klux Klan and was premiered at the White House.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is W.E.B. Du Bois?

<p>The founder of the NAACP who advocated for black equality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'The Souls of Black Folk'?

<p>A book by W.E.B. Du Bois emphasizing the need for equality for blacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Niagara Movement?

<p>An initiative led by W.E.B. Du Bois to secure rights for African Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does NAACP stand for?

<p>National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was The Crisis?

<p>The monthly magazine of the NAACP, advocating for civil rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Great Migration?

<p>The movement of thousands of African Americans from the South to the North between 1910 and 1920.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lynching?

<p>Murder by a mob, often publicized and racially motivated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Universal Negro Improvement Association?

<p>An organization led by Marcus Garvey aimed at African American empowerment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Marcus Garvey?

<p>The leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association who advocated for black independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a general strike?

<p>A strike that involves workers from multiple industries simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was A. Mitchell Palmer?

<p>The Attorney General who believed labor strikes were linked to a global communist threat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the 1919 steel strike?

<p>A strike centered in Chicago uniting immigrant workers for higher wages and better conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Red Scare?

<p>A period of political repression and fear of communism following World War I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Palmer Raids?

<p>Government actions against labor and radical organizations overseen by Edgar Hoover.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is J. Edgar Hoover?

<p>The director of the Radical Division who later became head of the FBI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Emma Goldman?

<p>A radical activist deported after charges of anarchism and labor agitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

<p>A treaty imposed on Germany after WWI that established the League of Nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Canal Zone

  • Established under Roosevelt to facilitate the construction of a canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
  • A territory between Panama and Colombia, governed by the United States.

Monroe Doctrine

  • Issued by James Monroe, asserting U.S. defense of the Western Hemisphere against European intervention.

Roosevelt Corollary

  • An extension of the Monroe Doctrine by Theodore Roosevelt, declaring the U.S. right to act as an "International Police Power" in the Western Hemisphere.

Dollar Diplomacy

  • Foreign policy of President Taft focused on investing in foreign economies, particularly in Honduras, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, and Liberia, to strengthen ties and gain influence.

Moral Imperialism

  • Concept introduced by Woodrow Wilson, emphasizing that American economic influence should prioritize liberty and justice over profit, leading to increased military interventions in Latin America.

Great War

  • The term used for World War I, ignited by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, involving Allies vs. Central Powers, with initial American neutrality shifting towards joining the Allies due to German actions.

Lusitania

  • A British passenger ship, sunk by Germany, resulting in the death of 124 Americans and escalating tensions that contributed to the U.S. entering WWI.

Freedom of the Seas

  • A principle advocating for neutral nations' rights to trade without disruption during wartime.

Preparedness

  • A program initiated to drastically expand U.S. military forces in response to the growing threats posed by WWI.

Zimmerman Telegram

  • An intercepted communication from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance against the U.S., leading to a declaration of war by President Wilson.

Fourteen Points

  • Outlined by Wilson in January 1918, advocating for self-determination, open diplomacy, free trade, and the establishment of the League of Nations.

League of Nations

  • Proposed by Wilson as a global peace organization; however, the U.S. never joined.

John J. Pershing

  • Commander of U.S. forces in WWI, notably leading the Meuse-Argonne Campaign.

Meuse-Argonne Campaign

  • The largest and first significant engagement of American troops in WWI, pivotal in pushing back German forces and contributing to their eventual surrender.

Selective Service Act (1917)

  • Required 24 million men to register for the draft, swelling the U.S. Army from 120,000 to over 5 million.

Bernard Baruch

  • Wall Street financier who led the War Industries Board, overseeing wartime production and regulation.

War Industries Board

  • Directed wartime economic mobilization, setting standards across various industries from rubber to food supplies.

Food Administration

  • Managed by Herbert Hoover, aimed at increasing food production and efficiency to support Allied forces.

Liberty Bonds

  • War bonds purchased by citizens to finance military expenses, with promises of repayment post-war.

Industrial Workers of the World

  • A labor organization opposing U.S. participation in WWI, advocating for workers' rights and leading strikes post-war.

Committee on Public Information

  • Created by Wilson to promote World War I efforts through widespread pro-war propaganda, including pamphlets and speeches by Four Minute Men.

Four Minute Men

  • A group delivering brief pro-war speeches nationwide to encourage bonds purchase and enlistment in the military.

Jeannette Rankin

  • The first woman in Congress who opposed both WWI and WWII, and later protested against the Vietnam War.

National Women's Party

  • Led by Alice Paul, focused on securing women's suffrage using militant and confrontational tactics.

Alice Paul

  • A prominent suffragist who advocated for women's voting rights and engaged in hunger strikes for her cause.

19th Amendment (1920)

  • Granted women the legal right to vote in the United States.

Margaret Sanger

  • Advocate for birth control, founder of the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League.

18th Amendment

  • Legally prohibited alcohol manufacturing and sales, ratified in 1919, enforced by the Volstead Act.

Espionage Act

  • Enacted in 1917, limited free speech, targeting espionage, draft interference, and false statements harmful to military efforts.

Sedition Act

  • Passed in 1918, criminalized speech or writings perceived as disrespectful to the government or interfering with the war, leading to numerous convictions.

Eugene V. Debs

  • Socialist leader jailed under the Espionage Act for an anti-war speech.

Race Problem

  • Reflected tensions within America’s ethnic diversity, highlighting conflict beyond black and white to encompass various immigrant groups.

Eugenics

  • The pseudoscience aimed at justifying racial superiority and anti-immigrant sentiment through supposed mental and physical traits.

Americanization

  • The process wherein immigrants adopt American customs and culture to integrate into society.

Melting Pot

  • The concept that immigrants should blend into a singular American identity, based on a popular play by Jewish immigrant Israel Zangwill.

Lewis Terman

  • Stanford psychologist who introduced the concept of IQ, using tests that reflected biases against immigrants and African Americans.

Gentlemen's Agreement

  • A compromise where Japan agreed to limit immigration in exchange for allowing families of existing immigrants to join them in the U.S.

Birth of a Nation

  • A controversial film directed by D.W. Griffith that celebrated the Ku Klux Klan, premiered at the White House.

W.E.B. Du Bois

  • Co-founder of the NAACP, advocated for civil rights and the need for African Americans to challenge segregation.

The Souls of Black Folk

  • Du Bois’s influential book calling for immediate equality and civil rights for African Americans.

Niagara Movement

  • A civil rights organization founded by Du Bois focusing on the rights of black citizens, eventually leading to the formation of the NAACP.

NAACP

  • Organization established from the Niagara Movement, aimed at fighting for African American rights through legal channels.

The Crisis

  • The NAACP's monthly publication, promoting civil rights and encouraging black participation in WWI.

Great Migration

  • The migration of a vast number of African Americans from the rural South to urban centers in the North between 1910 and 1920, driven by economic opportunities and the desire to escape racial violence.

Lynching

  • Extra-judicial killings, often racially motivated, that claimed the lives of thousands of African Americans in the U.S.

Universal Negro Improvement Association

  • Founded by Marcus Garvey, focused on promoting African American independence and pride.

Marcus Garvey

  • A leader who believed in the necessity of separate black institutions and the pursuit of self-reliance.

General Strike

  • A widespread strike involving multiple industries; significant strikes occurred in cities like Belfast, Glasgow, and Winnipeg following WWI.

A. Mitchell Palmer

  • U.S. Attorney General who associated labor strikes with communism, leading to raids against labor organizations.

1919 Steel Strike

  • A major strike in Chicago uniting immigrant workers demanding better working conditions and wages.

Red Scare

  • A period following WWI characterized by political unrest and fear of communism, exacerbated by the Russian Revolution.

Palmer Raids

  • Government actions led by Palmer against suspected radicals and labor organizations following the Red Scare.

J. Edgar Hoover

  • Director of the Radical Division during the Palmer Raids, later became head of the FBI, collecting data on political dissidents.

Emma Goldman

  • An anarchist and socialist activist deported after being arrested for her anti-government activities.

Treaty of Versailles

  • The peace treaty that concluded WWI, placing heavy penalties on Germany and establishing the League of Nations.

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Test your knowledge on key U.S. foreign policies and doctrines from Roosevelt's Panama Canal initiative to Wilson's Moral Imperialism. This quiz covers significant events and concepts that shaped America's role in international relations during the early 20th century.

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