U.S. Federal Courts Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal?

They are intermediate courts of appellate jurisdiction.
They are the final court of appeal for most cases. (correct)
Cases are usually heard by a 3-judge panel.
Oral arguments are made by both sides, including questioning by the judges.

What is the purpose of 'certiorari' in the context of the Supreme Court?

To force a party to produce evidence in a case.
To request a case be heard in a higher court. (correct)
To ensure that a case is heard by a jury of the defendant's peers.
To grant a new trial if a lower court's decision is deemed unfair.

How does the U.S. Supreme Court determine whether a law is constitutional?

By holding a trial to determine whether the law was properly passed.
By consulting with the president on the law's constitutionality.
By conducting a public opinion poll to gauge public sentiment on the law.
By reviewing the law and comparing it to the Constitution. (correct)

What is the significance of Federalist No. 78?

It argues for the importance of life tenure for federal judges. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many U.S. District Courts are there?

94 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a factor that increases the likelihood of the Supreme Court hearing a case?

The federal government is a party to the case. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'en banc' procedure in the Circuit Courts of Appeal?

It allows all judges of a circuit court to review a case. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Who decides whether a Supreme Court case will be heard?

A group of four justices. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument put forth by Federalist Paper #52 regarding the two-year term for members of the House of Representatives?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

In Federalist Paper #53, Madison argues against term limits. What key argument does he make?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument in Federalist Paper #55 regarding the size of the House of Representatives?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the Tenth Amendment and the states' right to impose term limits on their congressional representatives?

The Tenth Amendment allows states to regulate their own affairs, including imposing term limits. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason why the US Constitution mandates qualifications for serving in Congress, but not for voting for congressional candidates?

The founders believed that qualifications for voting should be determined by the individual states. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did the attempt to change the US Constitution to include term limits in the 1990s end?

The proposed amendment was defeated in Congress and never voted on again. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument made by Federalist Paper #62 regarding the Senate?

Both A and B (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason given in the text for the two-year term of the House of Representatives?

It prevents representatives from developing too much influence in a particular role. (E) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main argument used by the US Supreme Court to invalidate the term limits imposed by Arkansas on its Congressional delegation?

The Supreme Court ruled that term limits were unconstitutional as the Framers envisioned a uniform national legislature, which is not possible if states can impose their own term limits. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary argument made by those who supported term limits for Congress?

Term limits would break the incumbency advantage and bring new ideas and energy to Congress. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What significant event contributed to the popularity of the term limits movement in the 1990s?

The independent presidential campaign of Ross Perot and the Republican Congressional election wave in 1994. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage enjoyed by incumbents in congressional elections?

Incumbents often have a strong track record of legislation and are better able to fundraise than challengers. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the rationale behind the Arkansas referendum imposing term limits on their Congressional delegation?

To bring new ideas and energy to Congress and break the incumbency advantage. (E) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a concern raised against term limits in Congress?

Term limits would ensure that the state's interests are prioritized by its Congressional representatives. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How was the method of choosing US Senators changed by the 17th Amendment?

The 17th Amendment allowed for the direct election of US Senators by voters instead of appointment by state legislatures. (E) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant difference between the House and Senate in terms of re-election rates?

The Senate has a significantly higher re-election rate than the House. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main argument of Curtiss-Wright Export Corporation in the case United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. (1936)?

That Congress had improperly delegated the power to impose an arms embargo to the President, which should have been exercised by Congress. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. (1936)?

It upheld the President's broad power in foreign affairs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the role of Congress in foreign policy according to the text?

Congress has historically had a limited role in foreign policy, deferring to the President's leadership. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the precedent that Curtiss-Wright Co. tried to use in their argument?

The Supreme Court's decision in Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan (1935) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason the Roosevelt Administration argued that the Curtiss-Wright case was different from the Panama Refining case?

The Panama Refining case involved domestic economic policy, while the Curtiss-Wright case involved foreign affairs. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the basis for the federal government's indictment of Curtiss-Wright Export Corporation?

The company violated the arms embargo by selling bombers to Bolivia and Paraguay. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the role of the Senate in the United States government?

The Senate represents the interests of states in the federal government. (E) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the President and Congress in foreign policy?

The President has primary authority over foreign policy, with Congress playing a secondary role. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main issue at stake in the Marbury v. Madison case?

The right of the Supreme Court to review laws passed by Congress (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Marbury v. Madison for William Marbury?

He lost his case in the Supreme Court. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the House of Representatives in the US political system?

To reflect the immediate concerns of the people. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned in the text as a characteristic of the Senate?

It has a shorter term than the House of Representatives. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason the Supreme Court ruled against Marbury's claim for a writ of mandamus?

The Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important consequence of the Marbury v. Madison case?

It established the principle of judicial review. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Senate's longer term compared to the House of Representatives?

To give Senators more freedom from the immediate demands of the public. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what did the Supreme Court rule in the case discussed?

The Court ruled that the President has a broad power to act in foreign policy, even without explicit constitutional authority. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What example is used in the passage to illustrate how the President can act with dispatch and wide latitude in foreign policy compared to Congress?

The President can modify or suspend an embargo against Cuba as necessary. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the passage, how can the President use "national security" to influence trade policy?

The President can unilaterally impose tariffs on other countries, citing national security concerns. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What historical precedent does the passage cite to illustrate the President's power in foreign affairs?

The issuance of the Neutrality Proclamation by President Washington during the French and British war. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What argument does the passage make regarding the balance of power between Congress and the President in foreign policy?

The President has a unique constitutional role in foreign policy, granting them significant authority. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Supreme Court's decision in this case significant?

It solidified the President's authority in foreign policy, giving legitimacy to executive action without direct congressional approval. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, how did the Supreme Court's view on presidential power differ in this case compared to previous decisions?

The Court was more receptive to expanding presidential authority in foreign policy compared to its past decisions on domestic issues. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the passage, which of the following statement best describes the President's role in foreign policy?

The President is a powerful player in foreign policy, able to act with significant autonomy due to their constitutional role. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

U.S. District Courts

Courts of original jurisdiction for civil and criminal cases, divided into 94 districts.

U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal

Intermediate appellate courts with 3-judge panels, reviewing cases from District Courts.