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preserve, protect, and defend the constitution of the US”
preserve, protect, and defend the constitution of the US”
Executive power
been involved in wars
been involved in wars
Commander in Chief
a binding international obligations made between chiefs of state without legislative sanction
a binding international obligations made between chiefs of state without legislative sanction
Power to make treaties, provided that 2/3 of the senators present concur (executive agreements
power to recognize foreign governments through receiving their ambassadors
power to recognize foreign governments through receiving their ambassadors
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a.supervises relations with other countries
b.ambassadors and diplomatic corps but set aside in case of more important concerns
a.supervises relations with other countries b.ambassadors and diplomatic corps but set aside in case of more important concerns
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advise the president on information on the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security
b.provide policy continuity from one administration to the next
c.composition: president, vice president, secretaries of state and defense, director of emergency planning, and often the chair of the joint chiefs of staff and the director of the CIA
d.used in just anyway the president wants to use it
e.national security adviser is to advise the president
advise the president on information on the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security b.provide policy continuity from one administration to the next c.composition: president, vice president, secretaries of state and defense, director of emergency planning, and often the chair of the joint chiefs of staff and the director of the CIA d.used in just anyway the president wants to use it e.national security adviser is to advise the president
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government agencies involved in gathering information about the capabilities and intentions of foreign governments and engaging in covert activities to further American foreign policy aims
government agencies involved in gathering information about the capabilities and intentions of foreign governments and engaging in covert activities to further American foreign policy aims
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overt information gathering as well as covert actions; covertly aided in the overthrow of foreign leaders; found in the 1970s to be routinely spying on American citizens domestically; from military to economic intelligence; used the US Information Agency particularly its Voice of America to spread information and propaganda throughout the world on behalf of the American government and from an American point of View
overt information gathering as well as covert actions; covertly aided in the overthrow of foreign leaders; found in the 1970s to be routinely spying on American citizens domestically; from military to economic intelligence; used the US Information Agency particularly its Voice of America to spread information and propaganda throughout the world on behalf of the American government and from an American point of View
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bring all of the activities of the American military establishment under the jurisdiction of a single department headed by a civilian secretary of defense; Pentagon
bring all of the activities of the American military establishment under the jurisdiction of a single department headed by a civilian secretary of defense; Pentagon
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elites in American business, education, communication, labor, and religion try to influence presidential decision making through several strategies e.g., publicizing the issues, use of the media – capture the attentive public who likely transmit their opinions to the less-interested members of the public through conversation and local leadership
elites in American business, education, communication, labor, and religion try to influence presidential decision making through several strategies e.g., publicizing the issues, use of the media – capture the attentive public who likely transmit their opinions to the less-interested members of the public through conversation and local leadership
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mutually beneficial relationship between the armed forces and defense contractors; pentagon has supported a large sector of the economy through defense contracts, in addition of supplying retired army officers as key executives to large defense-contracting firms; department of defense employs almost 350 lobbyists on Capitol Hill; it maintains some 2,850 public relations representatives I the Us and in foreign countries
mutually beneficial relationship between the armed forces and defense contractors; pentagon has supported a large sector of the economy through defense contracts, in addition of supplying retired army officers as key executives to large defense-contracting firms; department of defense employs almost 350 lobbyists on Capitol Hill; it maintains some 2,850 public relations representatives I the Us and in foreign countries
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due to its perception of corrupt European governments; its geographical distance, avoid entangling alliances
due to its perception of corrupt European governments; its geographical distance, avoid entangling alliances
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the policy statement which set out three principles: (1) European nations should not establish new colonies in the western Hemisphere, (2) European nations should not intervene in the affairs of independent nations of the Western Hemisphere, and (3) the United States would not interfere in the affairs of European nations
the policy statement which set out three principles: (1) European nations should not establish new colonies in the western Hemisphere, (2) European nations should not intervene in the affairs of independent nations of the Western Hemisphere, and (3) the United States would not interfere in the affairs of European nations
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a period of abstaining from an active role in international affairs or alliances, which characterized most of the nineteenth century
a period of abstaining from an active role in international affairs or alliances, which characterized most of the nineteenth century
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involvement in foreign affairs, actions directed at changing or preserving the internal political arrangements of the nations; declaration of war against Germany was intended to protect American properties and lives
involvement in foreign affairs, actions directed at changing or preserving the internal political arrangements of the nations; declaration of war against Germany was intended to protect American properties and lives
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Americans seized nearly all of Spain's remaining overseas empire, including the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. By war's end, the Americans had 160 vessels, 114 of which were steel, placing it in the world's top five naval forces.
Americans seized nearly all of Spain's remaining overseas empire, including the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. By war's end, the Americans had 160 vessels, 114 of which were steel, placing it in the world's top five naval forces.
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Americans adopted the Open-Door policy, ostensibly to allow trade with China. The policy was expressly designed to limit Japanese options and was certain in time to provoke a Japanese military response. While Europeans held most of the trade concessions in China, none of the European powers had the ability to project sufficient power into East Asia to protect them in the presence of Japanese action. The Americans, however, could. Open Door set the stage for the elimination of the European presence in Asia.
Americans adopted the Open-Door policy, ostensibly to allow trade with China. The policy was expressly designed to limit Japanese options and was certain in time to provoke a Japanese military response. While Europeans held most of the trade concessions in China, none of the European powers had the ability to project sufficient power into East Asia to protect them in the presence of Japanese action. The Americans, however, could. Open Door set the stage for the elimination of the European presence in Asia.
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President Theodore Roosevelt announced his corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, indicating that the United States would proactively intervene in Latin American affairs expressly to minimize any and all European influence there; over the next twenty years the United States dispatched troops to the region thirty-two times. Not once were they opposed by an extra hemisphere power.
President Theodore Roosevelt announced his corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, indicating that the United States would proactively intervene in Latin American affairs expressly to minimize any and all European influence there; over the next twenty years the United States dispatched troops to the region thirty-two times. Not once were they opposed by an extra hemisphere power.
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Roosevelt administration arbitrated an end to the Russo-Japanese War, splitting the disputed territories so that the Russians and Japanese not only had hopelessly entangled economic interests, but also something that Russia and Japan had never had before: a land border. The peace deal guaranteed future military conflict.
Roosevelt administration arbitrated an end to the Russo-Japanese War, splitting the disputed territories so that the Russians and Japanese not only had hopelessly entangled economic interests, but also something that Russia and Japan had never had before: a land border. The peace deal guaranteed future military conflict.
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The Americans completed the Panama Canal in____. As if the American territories were insufficient to sustain American power, they had now permanently locked Mexico, Central America, and the northern third of South America into the American economic orbit. The canal also sliced nearly a month off the time it would take for their naval vessels to switch between Atlantic and Pacific theaters, adding strategic flexibility that no preceding naval power had ever possessed.
The Americans completed the Panama Canal in____. As if the American territories were insufficient to sustain American power, they had now permanently locked Mexico, Central America, and the northern third of South America into the American economic orbit. The canal also sliced nearly a month off the time it would take for their naval vessels to switch between Atlantic and Pacific theaters, adding strategic flexibility that no preceding naval power had ever possessed.
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Americans became the last major belligerent to join
World War I, where they turned a German near victory into capitulation.
The Americans helped to implement a peace deal that resurrected Russia and humiliated Germany, but ensured that Germany would be able to rebuild and rearm. A second conflict was guaranteed to ignite, and ignite a good long distance from American territory.
Americans became the last major belligerent to join World War I, where they turned a German near victory into capitulation. The Americans helped to implement a peace deal that resurrected Russia and humiliated Germany, but ensured that Germany would be able to rebuild and rearm. A second conflict was guaranteed to ignite, and ignite a good long distance from American territory.
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triggered by the bombing of the Pearl Harbor – horrors experienced by the survivors had aroused public outrage and the first time that American soil was never attacked; produced a permanent change in the size of American government defense spending; its military bases had increased from 3 in 1940 to almost 450 at the end of WWII
triggered by the bombing of the Pearl Harbor – horrors experienced by the survivors had aroused public outrage and the first time that American soil was never attacked; produced a permanent change in the size of American government defense spending; its military bases had increased from 3 in 1940 to almost 450 at the end of WWII
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total process by which states carry on political relations with each other; settling conflicts among nations by peaceful means
total process by which states carry on political relations with each other; settling conflicts among nations by peaceful means
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nation’s external goals and the techniques and strategies used to achieve them
nation’s external goals and the techniques and strategies used to achieve them
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assistance to other nations in the form of grants, loans, or credits to buy American products
assistance to other nations in the form of grants, loans, or credits to buy American products
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sending experts with technical skills in agriculture, engineering, or business to aid other nations
sending experts with technical skills in agriculture, engineering, or business to aid other nations
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the steps by which external goals are decided and acted on
the steps by which external goals are decided and acted on
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foreign and domestic policy designed to protect the independence and political and economic integrity of the United States; policy that is concerned with the safety and defense of nation
foreign and domestic policy designed to protect the independence and political and economic integrity of the United States; policy that is concerned with the safety and defense of nation
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a board to advise the president on matters of national security
a board to advise the president on matters of national security
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Study Notes
The President and Foreign Policy
- The president is responsible for the conduct of foreign policy, including the power to recognize foreign governments through receiving their ambassadors.
- The president is advised by the National Security Council on issues related to national security.
- The National Security Council is made up of the president, vice president, secretaries of state and defense, director of emergency planning, and often the chair of the joint chiefs of staff and the director of the CIA.
- The national security advisor is to advise the president on information on the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security.
Intelligence Agencies
- Government agencies involved in gathering information about the capabilities and intentions of foreign governments and engaging in covert activities to further American foreign policy aims.
- These agencies engage in overt information gathering as well as covert actions; covert actions include aiding in the overthrow of foreign leaders.
The Department of Defense
- The department of defense was created to bring all of the activities of the American military establishment under the jurisdiction of a single department headed by a civilian secretary of defense.
Interest Groups and Foreign Policy
- Elites in American business, education, communication, labor, and religion try to influence presidential decision making through various strategies.
Defense Contractors and the Pentagon
- There is a mutually beneficial relationship between the armed forces and defense contractors.
- The Pentagon has supported a large sector of the economy through defense contracts.
American Foreign Policy History
- The United States, due to its perception of corrupt European governments and its geographical distance, adopted a policy of isolationism and avoided entangling alliances.
- The Monroe Doctrine, a policy statement, set out three principles: (1) European nations should not establish new colonies in the western Hemisphere, (2) European nations should not intervene in the affairs of independent nations of the Western Hemisphere, and (3) the United States would not interfere in the affairs of European nations.
From Isolationism to Involvement
- The United States experienced a period of abstaining from an active role in international affairs or alliances, which characterized most of the nineteenth century.
- The USS Maine explosion in Havana Harbor, Cuba, triggered American intervention in the Spanish-American War.
World War I and the Rise of American Power
- The entry of the United States into World War I in 1917 significantly altered the global balance of power.
- The Americans became the last major belligerent to join the war, turning a German near victory into capitulation.
- The Americans helped to implement a peace deal that resurrected Russia and humiliated Germany.
World War II and the Cold War
- World War II involved the United States in a global conflict, resulting in a dramatic expansion of its military and economic power.
- The attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 by Japan brought the United States into the war.
- The horrors experienced by Pearl Harbor survivors had aroused public outrage and signaled the first time American soil was attacked.
- World War II produced a permanent change in the size of American government defense spending.
- The end of World War II marked the beginning of the Cold War, a period of intense rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union.
The Tools of Foreign Policy
- Diplomacy involves the total process by which states carry on political relations with each other.
- Foreign policy involves a nation's external goals and the techniques and strategies used to achieve them.
- Foreign aid provides assistance to other nations in the form of grants, loans, or credits to buy American products.
- Technical assistance involves sending experts with technical skills in agriculture, engineering, or business to aid other nations.
- Foreign policy implementation includes the steps by which external goals are decided and acted on.
- National security includes foreign and domestic policy designed to protect the independence and political and economic integrity of the United States.
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Finals
