US Constitution and Federalism
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What is the main principle of the government established by the Mayflower Compact?

  • Dictatorship
  • Federalism
  • Monarchy
  • Rule of law (correct)

    • Which of the following excerpts from the US Constitution illustrates the principle of federalism?

  • The House of Representatives has the power to declare war
  • The president has the power to appoint federal judges
  • The Senate rejects an appointment to the federal judiciary
  • The powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people (correct)

    • What is the primary function of the system of checks and balances in the US government?

  • To give each branch of government absolute power
  • To appoint federal judges
  • To restrain the power of the other two branches (correct)
  • To divide powers between the national and state governments

    • What happens to a bill after it is introduced in the House of Representatives?

    <p>It is assigned to an appropriate subcommittee for study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the legislative process?

    <p>The bill is approved by the President</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a conference committee?

    <p>To reconcile the differences between the House and Senate versions of a bill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a federal system of government?

    <p>Power is divided between the national and state governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the phrase 'The powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people'?

    <p>It establishes the principle of federalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is characterized by having a high frequency of earthquakes?

    <p>Interior areas of Southeast Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using remote sensing in geographic research?

    <p>Its ability to collect data on inaccessible areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the persistence of indigenous languages in Latin America?

    <p>The persistence of distinct cultural identities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major demographic consequence of industrialization and urbanization?

    <p>A decline in birthrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main push factor driving people to leave rural areas for urban centers in South America?

    <p>The unreliability of income from farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the shift in trade patterns in Australia and Oceania?

    <p>The rise of Asian markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of many countries in Oceania?

    <p>A diverse range of ethnic groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do most Canadians live within 200 miles of the U.S. border?

    <p>The harsh climate and natural environment of northern regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of alternative energy is likely to have the most adverse environmental impact?

    <p>Biomass energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the population distribution in northern Australia?

    <p>A scattered and sparse population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which government agency is responsible for protecting consumers from unfair business practices?

    <p>Federal Trade Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main principle that the Supreme Court reaffirmed in the McCulloch v Maryland case?

    <p>Federalism and constitutional supremacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between civil trials and criminal proceedings?

    <p>The burden of proof is greater in criminal proceedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do most state governors have more power than the President of the US to shape legislation?

    <p>They have a line-item veto power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the redistricting process?

    <p>To realign state and congressional legislative district boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the absolute location of a place?

    <p>Its latitude and longitude coordinates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used by geographers to describe the center of a cultural phenomenon?

    <p>Culture hearth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between two maps of Cuba with different scales?

    <p>They were drawn at different scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a tropical savanna climate?

    <p>Separate wet and dry seasons with most precipitation in the summer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of creating new maps based on updated data?

    <p>Remapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the holistic perspective in anthropology?

    <p>It seeks to understand the interconnections between cultural elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the Cheyenne people from the passage?

    <p>They learned to ride horses and hunt bison.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the burial sites of late Paleolithic peoples?

    <p>The value of objects found in graves correlated with the wealth of the individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Emile Durkheim's primary concern in his work?

    <p>How societies maintain their coherence during periods of social change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major environmental impact of dam construction?

    <p>Destruction or displacement of plant and animal life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the intensity of a group as it grows larger?

    <p>It tends to diminish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would a prolonged period of global climate change likely affect crop production?

    <p>Patterns of crop production would shift northward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus of sociological work based on the strain theory of deviance?

    <p>The conflict between accepted norms and social reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of economies of scale?

    <p>A firm increases its output after a doubling of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Freudian psychoanalysis?

    <p>examining internal psychological forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Erik Erikson's theory, what do adolescents typically face?

    <p>identity versus role confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the holistic perspective in anthropology?

    <p>It seeks to understand cultural elements in a broad context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between market economies and command economies?

    <p>Consumers make decisions based on price, quality, and personal preference in market economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the Cheyenne people's adaptation to their new environment?

    <p>They learned to hunt bison and ride horses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major stages of memory in the correct order?

    <p>encoding, storage, retrieval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would likely cause an increase in both the equilibrium price and quantity supplied of a product?

    <p>An increase in demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function would a multinational corporation likely rely on local subsidiaries to perform?

    <p>Human resource management at overseas plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the burial sites of late Paleolithic peoples?

    <p>Some graves contained objects of higher value than others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment would cognitive-behavioral therapists recommend for patients with depression?

    <p>teaching patients to identify and alter negative thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Emile Durkheim's primary concern in his work?

    <p>How societies maintain their coherence during periods of social change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is illustrated by the statement that people living in apartment blocks have no sense of time discipline?

    <p>out-group homogeneity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of governmental regulation in the case of the Environmental Protection Agency?

    <p>Limiting negative externalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would researchers construct a scatterplot?

    <p>to show the correlation between two variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a prolonged period of global climate change on the suitability of regions for food production?

    <p>Patterns of crop production shift northward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a command economy?

    <p>The state determines what is produced and sets prices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, what are the main determinants of human behavior?

    <p>unconscious drives and impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary task facing adolescents according to Erikson's theory?

    <p>resolving identity versus role confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a firm tripling its output after doubling its resources?

    <p>The firm has achieved economies of scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of psychoanalysis?

    <p>to identify and resolve unconscious conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of cognitive-behavioral therapies?

    <p>identifying and altering negative thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of unemployment is caused by the normal turnover of labor?

    <p>Frictional unemployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic indicator is most likely to change at the same time as major changes in real output?

    <p>Personal income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of fiscal policies recommended by Keynesian economists during periods of high unemployment?

    <p>Increasing aggregate demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the concept of comparative advantage?

    <p>Countries should produce goods that they can make most efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely effect of a decrease in the foreign exchange value of the US dollar?

    <p>The price of foreign goods in US markets will increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the International Monetary Fund?

    <p>To provide loans to countries with large external payment imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where would an economist be most likely to find information about a major reorganization of a Fortune 500 corporation?

    <p>The Wall Street Journal Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why Keynesian economists recommend expansionary fiscal policies during periods of high unemployment?

    <p>To increase aggregate demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of free trade, according to proponents of the concept?

    <p>It enables countries to specialize in producing goods for which they have a comparative advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely effect of an increase in aggregate demand on the overall level of employment?

    <p>It will lead to an increase in employment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Government and Politics

    • The Mayflower Compact established a government based on the rule of law.
    • The principle of federalism is a system of government where powers are shared between the national and state governments.
    • The powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states or to the people.
    • The system of checks and balances in the US government allows each branch to restrain the power of the other two branches.

    US Government

    • The process of legislation in the US involves introduction, passage, and approval by the Senate and House, and finally, presidential approval.
    • The Federal Trade Commission is responsible for protecting consumers from unfair business practices, including preventing deceptive advertising and regulating credit.

    Supreme Court

    • In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the Supreme Court ruled that states have no power to impede or control the operations of the federal government.

    Trials and Proceedings

    • In criminal proceedings, the burden of proof is greater than in civil trials, requiring a unanimous jury vote and proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

    State Governors

    • Most state governors have a greater ability to shape legislation than the President due to their line-item veto power.

    Redistricting

    • The purpose of redistricting is to realign state and congressional legislative district boundaries to reflect changes in the size and spatial distribution of the state's population.

    Geography

    • Absolute location is determined by latitude and longitude coordinates.
    • A culture hearth is a geographic area where a particular culture originated and from which it spread.
    • Remote sensing is a geographic tool used to measure rates of deforestation, such as in the Amazon rainforest.
    • Earthquakes are most likely to occur in geological regions where two tectonic plates converge.

    Demography and Population

    • The continued use of indigenous languages in Latin America is a reflection of the persistence of distinct cultural identities among many indigenous groups.
    • Industrialization and urbanization lead to a decline in birthrates and a shift in population distribution.
    • The primary focus of trade in Australia and Oceania has shifted from European to Asian markets.
    • Most Canadians live within 200 miles of the US border due to the harsh climate and unsuitable natural environment of most of Canada.

    Energy and Environment

    • Hydroelectric power has a significant environmental impact, including the destruction of plant and animal life and the alteration of natural waterways.
    • Climate change would lead to dramatic changes in which regions are suitable for food production.
    • The technology required to generate alternative energies, such as hydroelectric power, has an environmental impact.

    Economics

    • Economies of scale occur when a firm is able to increase production at a lower cost per unit of output.
    • Market economies are characterized by consumer decisions based on price, quality, and personal preference.
    • A multinational corporation relies on local subsidiaries to perform human resource management at overseas plants.
    • The Environmental Protection Agency limits negative externalities, such as air and water pollution.
    • Personal income is a coincident indicator that changes at the same time as shifts in general economic activity.

    International Trade

    • Comparative advantage is a concept that describes a country's ability to produce a product at a lower opportunity cost than another country.
    • A decrease in the foreign exchange value of the US dollar increases the price of foreign goods in US markets.
    • The International Monetary Fund helps debtor nations rebuild their international currency reserves.

    Anthropology

    • The holistic perspective in anthropology posits that all cultural institutions are related to one another.
    • The various elements of a culture are interdependent, and changes in one element can lead to changes in others.

    Additional Notes

    • Wealth was not distributed equally among all members of late Paleolithic societies, as evidenced by the varying types of items found in burial sites.### Sociological Perspectives

    • The value of objects found in graves correlates with the wealth of the individual buried, indicating unequal wealth distribution in society.

    • Emile Durkheim's work focused on how societies maintain coherence during periods of social change, with an emphasis on organic solidarity, which explains how specialization and interdependence create social bonds in industrializing societies.

    Group Dynamics

    • As small groups grow larger, their intensity tends to diminish due to the addition of new members who are less emotionally invested in the group.
    • New members may divide their energies among several groups, and the group becomes less important to their identity.

    Deviance and Strain Theory

    • Strain theory proposes that deviance occurs when societies provide unequal means of obtaining widely promoted goals, leading to a conflict between accepted norms and social reality, and ultimately, to anomie and antisocial behavior.

    Psychoanalytic Theory

    • Freudian psychoanalysis examines how internal psychological forces influence human behavior, emphasizing the role of unconscious drives and impulses in shaping behavior.

    Psychosocial Development

    • According to Erik Erikson's theory, adolescents face a conflict involving identity versus role confusion, and must establish a stable sense of personal identity.

    Memory and Cognition

    • The three major stages of memory are encoding, storage, and retrieval, with information being processed, stored, and recalled in response to cues.

    Therapeutic Approaches

    • Cognitive-behavioral therapies recommend teaching patients to identify and alter negative thinking associated with depression and other mood disorders.

    Bias and Social Perception

    • The view that a group of people lack time discipline and are uninterested in self-improvement is an example of out-group homogeneity bias, where outsiders are viewed as more similar than they actually are.

    Research Methods

    • Scatterplots are used to show the correlation between two variables in an experiment, graphically displaying the relationship between variables.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the principles of federalism and the US Constitution, including the powers of the national and state governments.

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