Questions and Answers
What is urine composed of?
95% water and 5% solutes
What is the organic composition of urine?
urea, creatinine, uric acid, hippuric acid, other substances
What is the inorganic composition of urine?
sodium chloride, potassium, sulfate, phosphate, ammonium, magnesium, calcium
What is urea?
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What is creatinine?
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What is uric acid?
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What is hippuric acid?
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What are other substances present in urine?
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What is sodium chloride in relation to urine?
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What role does potassium play in urine composition?
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What is the source of sulfate in urine?
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What is the primary form in which phosphate occurs in urine?
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What is ammonium derived from?
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How does magnesium occur in urine?
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How does calcium occur in urine?
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What is the normal daily volume of urine?
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What is the normal day/night ratio of urine production?
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What is diuresis?
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What is polyuria?
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What is oliguria?
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Study Notes
Urine Composition
- Urine consists of 95% water and 5% solutes.
Organic Composition
- Key organic components include urea, creatinine, uric acid, hippuric acid, and various other substances.
Inorganic Composition
- Major inorganic components are sodium chloride, potassium, sulfate, phosphate, ammonium, magnesium, and calcium.
Urea
- A significant metabolic waste produced in the liver from protein and amino acid breakdown; accounts for 60-90% of nitrogenous waste in urine.
Creatinine
- A nitrogenous byproduct found in muscle tissue, indicative of muscle metabolism.
Uric Acid
- A precursor to kidney stones; results from nucleic acid breakdown in food and during cellular decomposition.
Hippuric Acid
- A compound formed from benzoic acid, excreted in higher amounts with vegetarian diets.
Other Substances
- Urine may also contain small quantities of carbohydrates, pigments, fatty acids, mucin, enzymes, and hormones.
Sodium Chloride
- The primary salt in urine, levels fluctuate according to dietary intake.
Potassium
- Present in urine mainly as chloride, sulfate, and phosphate salts.
Sulfate
- Derived from the metabolism of amino acids.
Phosphate
- Mainly exists as sodium compounds that help balance pH in the blood.
Ammonium
- Comes from protein metabolism and glutamine in kidneys; its concentration varies with blood and fluid acidity.
Magnesium and Calcium
- Both minerals are found as chloride, sulfate, and phosphate salts in urine.
Normal Daily Volume
- Typical urine output ranges from 1200 to 1500 mL per day.
Normal Day/Night Ratio
- Urine production is often at a 2:1 or 3:1 ratio during the daytime compared to nighttime.
Diuresis
- Refers to the increased production of urine.
Polyuria
- Defined as urine output exceeding 2000 mL per day.
Oliguria
- Characterized by reduced urine output, which indicates potential health issues.
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Description
This quiz explores the composition of urine, highlighting its organic and inorganic substances. Learn about key components such as urea, creatinine, and uric acid and their roles in metabolic processes. Understand how urine composition can reflect dietary habits and overall health.
