Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of urinalysis?
What is the purpose of urinalysis?
Where is urine formed in the body?
Where is urine formed in the body?
kidney
Urine is filtered into Bowman’s capsule from the blood vessel called ____________.
Urine is filtered into Bowman’s capsule from the blood vessel called ____________.
glomerulus
Glomerular filtrate is highly concentrated compared to the amount of urine excreted daily.
Glomerular filtrate is highly concentrated compared to the amount of urine excreted daily.
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Match the abnormal constituents with their presence in urine:
Match the abnormal constituents with their presence in urine:
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Which collection method is described as 'COLLECTED WHEN INDICATED' and has a 'HIGH RISK OF URINARY INFECTION'?
Which collection method is described as 'COLLECTED WHEN INDICATED' and has a 'HIGH RISK OF URINARY INFECTION'?
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Study Notes
Urine Analysis
- Urine analysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine, providing information on a patient's general health, clinical picture, and potential diseases.
Urine Formation
- Urine is formed in the kidney and excreted by the urinary system.
- Urine formation occurs in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, through a process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
- The nephron consists of a blood vessel called the glomerulus, where blood is filtered into Bowman's capsule.
- The filtration process is known as glomerular filtrate, and approximately 180L of glomerular filtrate is produced daily, with only 1-2L of urine eliminated from the normal body.
- Urinary pH is determined in the distal convoluted tubule, where hydrogen and ammonium ions may be excreted in exchange for sodium.
Urine Composition
- Urine composition depends on factors such as diet, nutritional status, metabolic rate, general state of the body, and kidney function.
- Urine is composed of 96% water and 4% dissolved substances, including salt, urea, and other inorganic substances like K, Ca, Mg, NH3, and PO4.
- Abnormal constituents in urine may include RBC, WBC, fat, glucose, casts, bile, acetone, and hemoglobin.
Urine Specimen Collection
- Types of urine specimens include random, 24-hour, clean catch/midstream, first morning specimen, catheter, and suprapubic aspiration.
- The first morning specimen is preferred, being the most concentrated and representative of the 24-hour urine output.
- Catheterized urine specimens are collected when indicated, but are invasive and may cause discomfort and increased risk of urinary infection.
Specimen Collection and Storage
- Urine specimens should be collected in a dry, clean container, with precautions taken to avoid contamination.
- For 24-hour collection, patients are given a container with preservatives, and the container does not need to be sterile, only clean and dry.
- Urine specimens should be examined within 1 hour, or stored in 4-60C for a maximum of 8 hours, with preservatives used for 24-hour collections.
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Description
Learn about the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine, and the formation of urine in the kidney through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
