1404 ANATOMY LECT 1
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the bladder muscles when the brain signals for urination?

  • They relax to allow urine to exit the bladder
  • They contract to prevent urine from exiting the bladder
  • They remain unchanged, maintaining a steady state
  • They tighten to squeeze urine out of the bladder (correct)

    • What is the function of the urethra?

  • To filter waste products from the blood
  • To allow urine to pass outside the body (correct)
  • To regulate the pH of the blood
  • To store urine in the body

    • Which of the following blood vessels is transmitted through the hilum of the kidney?

  • Abdominal aorta
  • Renal artery (correct)
  • Superior vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava

    • What is the shape of the kidney?

    <p>Bean-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is in close contact with the upper pole of the right kidney?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innermost covering of the kidney?

    <p>Fibrous capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nephrons in the kidneys?

    <p>To remove urea from the blood through a process of diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the muscles in the ureter walls?

    <p>To continually tighten and relax to force urine downward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the renal fascia?

    <p>To provide structural support to the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical capacity of a healthy adult bladder?

    <p>Two cups of urine for up to five hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sphincter muscles in the urinary system?

    <p>To prevent urine from leaking by closing tightly around the bladder opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the renal sinus?

    <p>Glomeruli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if urine were to back up or stand still in the ureters?

    <p>A kidney infection could develop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional significance of the perirenal fat?

    <p>It provides mechanical protection to the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ligaments in the urinary system?

    <p>To hold the bladder in place and attach it to other organs and the pelvic bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between perirenal fat and pararenal fat?

    <p>Perirenal fat is inside the renal fascia, pararenal fat is outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the renal pyramids?

    <p>Pyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the network of blood capillaries in the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nephrons are approximately present in the cortex and medulla?

    <p>3 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron has a star-shaped lumen?

    <p>Renal corpuscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery that supplies the kidney?

    <p>Renal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the renal corpuscle in the nephron?

    <p>Filtration of blood plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Into which structure do the distal convoluted tubules open?

    <p>Collecting ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the urinary system in the body?

    <p>Filtering out cellular wastes, toxins, and excess water or nutrients from the circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which urine is emptied into the bladder from the ureters?

    <p>Muscles in the ureter walls contract and relax to force urine downward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of urine backing up or standing still in the ureters?

    <p>A kidney infection can develop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the nerves in the bladder?

    <p>To sense the amount of urine in the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ligaments in the urinary system?

    <p>To support the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency at which small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters?

    <p>Every 10 to 15 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the brain in the urination process?

    <p>To signal the bladder muscles to tighten and the sphincter muscles to relax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the kidneys located in the body?

    <p>On the posterior abdominal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the kidney?

    <p>Bean-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the urethra?

    <p>To allow urine to pass outside the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the right kidney and the liver?

    <p>The right kidney is slightly lower than the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innermost covering of the kidney?

    <p>Fibrous capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue makes up the renal fascia?

    <p>Loose connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the renal fascia superiorly?

    <p>To enclose the suprarenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in location between perirenal fat and pararenal fat?

    <p>Perirenal fat is inside the renal fascia, pararenal fat is outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that contains branches of the renal artery, tributaries of the renal vein, and the renal pelvis?

    <p>Renal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the structures that make up the medulla?

    <p>Pyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region between the renal pyramids and the base of renal pyramids?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure into which the glomerular filtrate passes?

    <p>Renal tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the lumen of the structure that has simple cuboidal epithelium?

    <p>Star-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals have accessory renal arteries?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What divides into anterior and posterior divisions at the hilus?

    <p>Renal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the renal artery?

    <p>Abdominal aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

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