Human Physiology: The Urinary System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining normal body fluid levels?

  • Regulating the excretion of water and potassium
  • Regulating the excretion of water and NaCl (correct)
  • Regulating the excretion of water and bicarbonate
  • Regulating the excretion of water and phosphate

Which of the following ions is NOT regulated by the urinary system?

  • Sodium (Na+)
  • Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
  • Magnesium (Mg2+) (correct)
  • Chloride (Cl-)

What is the term for the maintenance of a narrow pH range in the body?

  • Homeostasis (correct)
  • Electrolyte balance
  • Alkalosis
  • Acidosis

What hormone does the kidney produce to stimulate red blood cell production?

<p>Erythropoietin (EPO) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

<p>Nephron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of resting cardiac output does the kidneys receive?

<p>20-25% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the glomerulus?

<p>To filter water and solutes from blood plasma into the renal tubule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fluid produced by the kidneys that contains wastes and excess materials?

<p>Urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of filtrate formed per minute?

<p>Glomerular filtration rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms helps regulate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by adjusting blood flow into and out of the glomerulus?

<p>Renal auto-regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased sympathetic nervous system (SyNS) activation on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

<p>Decreases GFR by reducing blood flow to the glomerulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of angiotensin II on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

<p>Decreases GFR by constricting the afferent arteriole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of angiotensin II on GFR?

<p>Decreases GFR by afferent arteriole vasoconstriction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aldosterone in the renal tubules?

<p>Increases re-absorption of sodium, chloride, and water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the internal urethral sphincter?

<p>Controls the flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ANP on sodium and water excretion?

<p>Increases excretion of sodium and water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased abdominal pressure on urinary incontinence?

<p>Increases the risk of urinary incontinence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aging on the kidneys?

<p>Decrease in size and function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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