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Human Physiology: The Urinary System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining normal body fluid levels?

Regulating the excretion of water and potassium

Regulating the excretion of water and NaCl (correct)

Regulating the excretion of water and bicarbonate

Regulating the excretion of water and phosphate

Which of the following ions is NOT regulated by the urinary system?

Sodium (Na+)

Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Magnesium (Mg2+) (correct)

Chloride (Cl-)

What is the term for the maintenance of a narrow pH range in the body?

Homeostasis (correct)

Electrolyte balance

Alkalosis

Acidosis

What hormone does the kidney produce to stimulate red blood cell production?

Erythropoietin (EPO) Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of resting cardiac output does the kidneys receive?

20-25% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the glomerulus?

To filter water and solutes from blood plasma into the renal tubule Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fluid produced by the kidneys that contains wastes and excess materials?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of filtrate formed per minute?

Glomerular filtration rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms helps regulate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by adjusting blood flow into and out of the glomerulus?

Renal auto-regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased sympathetic nervous system (SyNS) activation on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Decreases GFR by reducing blood flow to the glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of angiotensin II on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Decreases GFR by constricting the afferent arteriole Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of angiotensin II on GFR?

Decreases GFR by afferent arteriole vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aldosterone in the renal tubules?

Increases re-absorption of sodium, chloride, and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the internal urethral sphincter?

Controls the flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ANP on sodium and water excretion?

Increases excretion of sodium and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased abdominal pressure on urinary incontinence?

Increases the risk of urinary incontinence Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aging on the kidneys?

Decrease in size and function Signup and view all the answers