18 Questions
What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining normal body fluid levels?
Regulating the excretion of water and NaCl
Which of the following ions is NOT regulated by the urinary system?
Magnesium (Mg2+)
What is the term for the maintenance of a narrow pH range in the body?
Homeostasis
What hormone does the kidney produce to stimulate red blood cell production?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What percentage of resting cardiac output does the kidneys receive?
20-25%
What is the primary function of the glomerulus?
To filter water and solutes from blood plasma into the renal tubule
What is the name of the fluid produced by the kidneys that contains wastes and excess materials?
Urine
What is the term for the amount of filtrate formed per minute?
Glomerular filtration rate
Which of the following mechanisms helps regulate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by adjusting blood flow into and out of the glomerulus?
Renal auto-regulation
What is the effect of increased sympathetic nervous system (SyNS) activation on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Decreases GFR by reducing blood flow to the glomerulus
What is the effect of angiotensin II on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Decreases GFR by constricting the afferent arteriole
What is the effect of angiotensin II on GFR?
Decreases GFR by afferent arteriole vasoconstriction
What is the function of aldosterone in the renal tubules?
Increases re-absorption of sodium, chloride, and water
What is the role of the internal urethral sphincter?
Controls the flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra
What is the effect of ANP on sodium and water excretion?
Increases excretion of sodium and water
What is the result of increased abdominal pressure on urinary incontinence?
Increases the risk of urinary incontinence
What is the effect of aging on the kidneys?
Decrease in size and function
Test your knowledge of the structures and functions of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. This quiz covers the regulation of body fluids, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, hormone production, waste excretion, and blood glucose levels.
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