Urinary Week 4 Test Lecture 3

Study Notes

Common Terms and Abbreviations

Urinary Retention: Inability to empty the bladder completely.
Urgency: Sudden, compelling urge to urinate.
Urinary Suppression/Anuria: Complete suppression of urine formation and excretion, often in acute renal failure.
Polyuria: Excessive excretion of urine, commonly found in diabetes mellitus.
Oliguria: Diminished urine secretion related to fluid intake.
Residual Urine: Urine remaining in the bladder after urination.
Diurnal Enuresis: Involuntary urination during the day due to loss of control.
Nocturnal Enuresis: Bedwetting or nighttime urinary incontinence.
Hesitancy: Difficulty starting urination.
Dysuria: Painful urination.

Adaptive and Abnormal Symptoms

Symptoms can be categorized into adaptive (normal responses) and abnormal (dysfunctional responses) relating to urinary elimination.

Types of Incontinence

Stress Incontinence: Involuntary loss of small amounts of urine due to increased abdominal pressure; common in women under 60 and post-prostate surgery men.
Overflow Incontinence: Overfilled bladder without sensation to void; results in constant dribbling and frequent urination due to underactive detrusor muscle or obstruction.
Mixed Incontinence: Combination of stress and urge incontinence, most often observed in elderly women.
Functional Incontinence: Urine leakage in a usually continent person, related to physical, environmental, or psychological issues.
Reflex Incontinence: Involuntary contractions of the detrussor muscle due to neurologic abnormalities.
Total Incontinence: Complete loss of bladder control resulting from neurological dysfunction.
Urge Incontinence: Loss of urine with a strong desire to urinate caused by sudden involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle, common in the elderly.

Common Lab Studies

pH Level: Normal range is 4.6 - 8.0.
Specific Gravity: Ranges from 1.010 to 1.025, reflecting hydration status; elderly may have different results based on kidney concentration ability.

Normal Values for Urine Specimens

Urine Output:
- Average 24-hour output: 1500-2000 mL
- Average hourly output: 30-60 mL/hr; panic value: <30 mL/hr for 2 hours.
Quality of Urine Stream: Should be consistent; starts within 15 seconds of attempt and maintains a steady stream.
Urine Color:
- Normal: Straw-colored, clear.
- Abnormal colors indicate potential issues:
  - Red/orange: Medications or hematuria.
  - Dark amber: Possible dehydration or liver/gallbladder disease.
  - Pyuria: Indicates infection if urine is milky yellow.
  - Cloudy/hazy: Suggests presence of bacteria, inflammation, or prostatic fluid.

Etiology of Urinary Incontinence

Urinalysis and culture & sensitivity (C&S) tests are performed to rule out infections.
Radiological exams such as KUB, Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP), and Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) are used to assess urinary system structure and function.

Description

Test your knowledge of urinary terms and abbreviations related to bladder elimination in this Week 4 assessment. Each card focuses on key definitions like urinary retention, diurnal enuresis, and more that are essential for understanding urinary concepts.