Questions and Answers
What is urinary retention?
What is urgency in urinary terms?
A sudden, compelling urge to urinate
What does polyuria mean?
Excessive excretion of urine
Define nocturnal enuresis.
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What is functional incontinence?
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Describe stress incontinence.
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What is overflow incontinence?
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What is urge incontinence?
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What is the average 24-hour urine output?
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Match the following urinary conditions with their definitions:
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Which of the following lab values is considered normal for specific gravity in urine?
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What does a pH level of urine between 4.6 - 8.0 indicate?
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What is the significance of hematuria?
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Study Notes
Common Terms and Abbreviations
- Urinary Retention: Inability to empty the bladder completely.
- Urgency: Sudden, compelling urge to urinate.
- Urinary Suppression/Anuria: Complete suppression of urine formation and excretion, often in acute renal failure.
- Polyuria: Excessive excretion of urine, commonly found in diabetes mellitus.
- Oliguria: Diminished urine secretion related to fluid intake.
- Residual Urine: Urine remaining in the bladder after urination.
- Diurnal Enuresis: Involuntary urination during the day due to loss of control.
- Nocturnal Enuresis: Bedwetting or nighttime urinary incontinence.
- Hesitancy: Difficulty starting urination.
- Dysuria: Painful urination.
Adaptive and Abnormal Symptoms
- Symptoms can be categorized into adaptive (normal responses) and abnormal (dysfunctional responses) relating to urinary elimination.
Types of Incontinence
- Stress Incontinence: Involuntary loss of small amounts of urine due to increased abdominal pressure; common in women under 60 and post-prostate surgery men.
- Overflow Incontinence: Overfilled bladder without sensation to void; results in constant dribbling and frequent urination due to underactive detrusor muscle or obstruction.
- Mixed Incontinence: Combination of stress and urge incontinence, most often observed in elderly women.
- Functional Incontinence: Urine leakage in a usually continent person, related to physical, environmental, or psychological issues.
- Reflex Incontinence: Involuntary contractions of the detrussor muscle due to neurologic abnormalities.
- Total Incontinence: Complete loss of bladder control resulting from neurological dysfunction.
- Urge Incontinence: Loss of urine with a strong desire to urinate caused by sudden involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle, common in the elderly.
Common Lab Studies
- pH Level: Normal range is 4.6 - 8.0.
- Specific Gravity: Ranges from 1.010 to 1.025, reflecting hydration status; elderly may have different results based on kidney concentration ability.
Normal Values for Urine Specimens
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Urine Output:
- Average 24-hour output: 1500-2000 mL
- Average hourly output: 30-60 mL/hr; panic value: <30 mL/hr for 2 hours.
- Quality of Urine Stream: Should be consistent; starts within 15 seconds of attempt and maintains a steady stream.
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Urine Color:
- Normal: Straw-colored, clear.
- Abnormal colors indicate potential issues:
- Red/orange: Medications or hematuria.
- Dark amber: Possible dehydration or liver/gallbladder disease.
- Pyuria: Indicates infection if urine is milky yellow.
- Cloudy/hazy: Suggests presence of bacteria, inflammation, or prostatic fluid.
Etiology of Urinary Incontinence
- Urinalysis and culture & sensitivity (C&S) tests are performed to rule out infections.
- Radiological exams such as KUB, Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP), and Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) are used to assess urinary system structure and function.
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Description
Test your knowledge of urinary terms and abbreviations related to bladder elimination in this Week 4 assessment. Each card focuses on key definitions like urinary retention, diurnal enuresis, and more that are essential for understanding urinary concepts.
