Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the most common causative organism of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Which of the following is the most common causative organism of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
- Klebsiella
- Pseudomonas
- Enterococcus
- Escherichia coli (E. coli) (correct)
A nurse is educating a patient about UTI prevention. Which statement by the patient requires further teaching?
A nurse is educating a patient about UTI prevention. Which statement by the patient requires further teaching?
- "I should urinate after sexual intercourse."
- "Drinking fluids can help prevent UTIs."
- "I should wipe from front to back after urinating."
- "Holding my urine for long periods prevents infection." (correct)
What are the two most common diagnostic findings for a UTI? (Select all that apply)
What are the two most common diagnostic findings for a UTI? (Select all that apply)
- Leukocyte esterase (correct)
- WBCs in urine (correct)
- Ketones
- Bilirubin
- Protein in urine
Which of the following are risk factors for developing a UTI? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are risk factors for developing a UTI? (Select all that apply)
Which statement by a patient with recurrent UTIs suggests a need for further education?
Which statement by a patient with recurrent UTIs suggests a need for further education?
A patient with a suspected UTI reports painful urination, urgency, and fever. What additional finding would confirm the diagnosis?
A patient with a suspected UTI reports painful urination, urgency, and fever. What additional finding would confirm the diagnosis?
A patient is diagnosed with pyelonephritis. Which symptom is specific to this condition and not typically seen with cystitis?
A patient is diagnosed with pyelonephritis. Which symptom is specific to this condition and not typically seen with cystitis?
A nurse is reviewing a urine culture that shows positive nitrites and leukocyte esterase. What does this indicate?
A nurse is reviewing a urine culture that shows positive nitrites and leukocyte esterase. What does this indicate?
Which laboratory test is most important in confirming a UTI?
Which laboratory test is most important in confirming a UTI?
A nurse is teaching a postmenopausal woman about UTI prevention. Which statement indicates understanding?
A nurse is teaching a postmenopausal woman about UTI prevention. Which statement indicates understanding?
The best way to prevent a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is to:
The best way to prevent a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is to:
Which interventions are appropriate to prevent a UTI in a patient with an indwelling catheter? (Select all that apply)
Which interventions are appropriate to prevent a UTI in a patient with an indwelling catheter? (Select all that apply)
A patient with a UTI is prescribed phenazopyridine (Pyridium). What is the most important teaching point?
A patient with a UTI is prescribed phenazopyridine (Pyridium). What is the most important teaching point?
A patient with pyelonephritis is at risk for which complication?
A patient with pyelonephritis is at risk for which complication?
Which symptom suggests that a UTI has progressed to urosepsis?
Which symptom suggests that a UTI has progressed to urosepsis?
A patient presents with fever, chills, flank pain, and costovertebral angle tenderness. What condition does the nurse suspect?
A patient presents with fever, chills, flank pain, and costovertebral angle tenderness. What condition does the nurse suspect?
Which condition occurs when bacteria from a UTI enter the bloodstream, causing systemic infection?
Which condition occurs when bacteria from a UTI enter the bloodstream, causing systemic infection?
Which statement best explains why older adults are at increased risk for UTIs?
Which statement best explains why older adults are at increased risk for UTIs?
A patient with a history of recurrent UTIs asks how to prevent future infections. Which response by the nurse is correct?
A patient with a history of recurrent UTIs asks how to prevent future infections. Which response by the nurse is correct?
A nurse is caring for a patient with an indwelling catheter. Which nursing actions reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)? (Select all that apply)
A nurse is caring for a patient with an indwelling catheter. Which nursing actions reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)? (Select all that apply)
A nurse is assessing a patient with pyelonephritis. Which findings require immediate intervention? (Select all that apply)
A nurse is assessing a patient with pyelonephritis. Which findings require immediate intervention? (Select all that apply)
Which patient statement indicates understanding of antibiotic therapy for a UTI?
Which patient statement indicates understanding of antibiotic therapy for a UTI?
A pregnant patient is diagnosed with a UTI. Why is prompt treatment essential?
A pregnant patient is diagnosed with a UTI. Why is prompt treatment essential?
A postmenopausal woman asks why she keeps getting UTIs. What is the best response?
A postmenopausal woman asks why she keeps getting UTIs. What is the best response?
A patient with a UTI develops chills, tachycardia, and low urine output. The nurse suspects:
A patient with a UTI develops chills, tachycardia, and low urine output. The nurse suspects:
A nurse is evaluating a patient's response to UTI treatment. Which findings suggest improvement? (Select all that apply)
A nurse is evaluating a patient's response to UTI treatment. Which findings suggest improvement? (Select all that apply)
Which patient is at the highest risk for developing a UTI?
Which patient is at the highest risk for developing a UTI?
A nurse is assessing a patient with a UTI. Which symptom is the priority to report?
A nurse is assessing a patient with a UTI. Which symptom is the priority to report?
A patient with a history of recurrent UTIs is prescribed antibiotics. What should the nurse prioritize before administration?
A patient with a history of recurrent UTIs is prescribed antibiotics. What should the nurse prioritize before administration?
A patient with urosepsis is receiving IV fluids and antibiotics. What finding suggests treatment effectiveness?
A patient with urosepsis is receiving IV fluids and antibiotics. What finding suggests treatment effectiveness?
Flashcards
Most common UTI cause?
Most common UTI cause?
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common cause.
UTI diagnostic findings
UTI diagnostic findings
Leukocyte esterase and WBCs indicate infection.
UTI and urine appearance/odor?
UTI and urine appearance/odor?
Cloudy, foul-smelling urine indicates infection.
Pyelonephritis hallmark?
Pyelonephritis hallmark?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lab test to confirm UTI?
Lab test to confirm UTI?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Postmenopausal UTI understanding:
Postmenopausal UTI understanding:
Signup and view all the flashcards
Prevent CAUTI
Prevent CAUTI
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Urosepsis?
What is Urosepsis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
UTI symptom requires priority reporting?
UTI symptom requires priority reporting?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Prioritize what with antibiotics?
Prioritize what with antibiotics?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Understanding the Basics
- Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common cause of UTIs, especially in women and the elderly
- Further teaching is required if a patient states "Holding urine for long periods prevents infection" since holding urine increases bacterial growth and UTI risk
- The two most common diagnostic findings for a UTI are leukocyte esterase and WBCs in urine
Risk Factors
- Risk factors for developing a UTI include pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, use of indwelling catheters, and low fluid intake
- Further education is needed if a patient with recurrent UTIs says "I don't need to take my antibiotics once my symptoms improve", early stopping could lead to incomplete bacterial eradication and resistance
Clinical Manifestations & Diagnosis
- Cloudy, foul-smelling urine confirms a UTI diagnosis in a patient reporting painful urination, urgency, and fever
- Costovertebral angle tenderness is specific to pyelonephritis and not typically seen with cystitis
- Positive nitrites and leukocyte esterase in a urine culture indicate a bacterial UTI, typically caused by E. coli
- A urinalysis is the most important laboratory test, detecting bacteria, WBCs, and nitrites, to confirm a UTI
Risk Factors & Prevention
- Urinating after intercourse helps flush out bacteria is an understanding statement for UTI prevention for a postmenopausal woman
- Best way to prevent a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is remove the catheter as soon as possible, since the longer it remains, the higher the infection risk
Interventions
- Appropriate interventions to prevent a UTI in a patient with an indwelling catheter include keeping the drainage bag below the bladder, emptying the drainage bag regularly, using sterile technique during insertion, and performing perineal care daily
Treatment and Complications
- With a UTI taking phenazopyridine (Pyridium) turn urine orange but relieves pain and will not treat infection
- A patient with pyelonephritis is at risk for sepsis because untreated pyelonephritis can lead to urosepsis, a life-threatening condition
Urosepsis
- Confusion and hypotension are symptoms that suggest a UTI has progressed to urosepsis and sepsis symptoms include altered mental status, hypotension, and fever
Pathophysiology & Disease Progression
- Fever, chills, flank pain, and costovertebral angle tenderness indicate pyelonephritis involving kidney infection
- Urosepsis happens when bacteria from a UTI enter the bloodstream, causing systemic infection
- Older adults are at increased risk for UTIs because they experience incomplete bladder emptying which promotes urinary stasis and favorable environment for bacterial growth
Nursing Interventions & Management
- Increasing fluid intake to 2-3 liters per day helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract and prevent future infections in UTI
- Actions which reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) empty the drainage bag when it is half full, secure the catheter, use sterile technique when inserting the catheter, and perform daily perineal hygiene
Immediate Interventions
- Hypotension with a blood pressure of 88/50 mmHg, tachycardia with heart rate of 120 bpm, and new onset confusion require immediate intervention for a patient with pyelonephritis, suggesting urosepsis and a medical emergency
Antibiotic Therapy
- Taking all antibiotics as prescribed, even if feeling better, demonstrates understanding of antibiotic therapy for a UTI to prevent recurrence and resistance
Special Populations
- Prompt treatment for a pregnant patient diagnosed with a UTI is essential to prevent preterm labor because UTIs in pregnancy increase the risk of preterm labor due to inflammation
- Hormonal changes decreasing natural vaginal flora are the reason a postmenopausal woman keeps getting UTIs because estrogen loss in postmenopausal women alters vaginal flora, increasing UTI risk
Advanced Concepts & Complications
- Chills, tachycardia, and low urine output in a UTI patients indicate urosepsis and systemic infection requiring urgent intervention
- Clear and yellow urine, resolved dysuria, and urinalysis showing no WBCs suggest improvement in a patient receiving UTI treatment
- A 75-year-old male with an indwelling catheter is at the highest risk for developing UTI use increases UTI risk, especially in older adults
Critical Thinking & Prioritization
- A temperature of 103°F is the priority symptom to report in Assessing a patient with a UTI, high fever suggests a systemic infection requiring immediate attention
- Prioritize asking about medication allergies before administering antibiotics to a patient with a history of recurrent UTIs to prevent anaphylaxis or adverse reactions
- Stabilization of vital signs (blood pressure) indicates treatment effectiveness for a patient with urosepsis receiving IV fluids and antibiotics
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
