Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) - Definitions and Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of UTI?

  • The presence of WBCs in the urine
  • The presence of bacteria in the urine without symptoms
  • A complication of diabetes mellitus
  • A constellation of symptoms resulting from an inflammatory response of the urothelium to bacterial invasion (correct)

    • What is bacteriuria?

  • A type of complicated UTI
  • A type of sterile pyuria
  • The presence of bacteria in the urine, which may be asymptomatic or symptomatic (correct)
  • The presence of WBCs in the urine

    • What is pyuria?

  • A type of renal stone
  • The presence of bacteria in the urine
  • A type of urinary tract infection
  • The presence of WBCs in the urine, implying an inflammatory response (correct)

    • What is an uncomplicated UTI?

    <p>A UTI occurring in a patient with a structurally and functionally normal urinary tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complicated UTI?

    <p>A UTI occurring in a patient with a structurally and functionally abnormal urinary tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor suggesting a potential complicated UTI?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between complicated and uncomplicated UTIs?

    <p>Complicated UTIs take longer to respond to antibiotic treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an isolated UTI?

    <p>An interval of at least 6 months between infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common bacterial pathogen causing UTI?

    <p>E. coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of UTI in women?

    <p>Around 50% of women experience one or more episodes in their lifetime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incidence of UTI in women per year?

    <p>3% per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of infection for the vast majority of UTIs?

    <p>Ascending from the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which certain Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli, attach to urothelial cells?

    <p>Pili (fimbriae)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of cystitis?

    <p>Suprapubic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of including a pelvic examination in women during the investigation of UTI?

    <p>To assess for atrophic vaginitis, prolapse, and urethral diverticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does leucocyte esterase activity detect in a dipstick test?

    <p>White blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for bacteria that enter the urinary tract through the bloodstream?

    <p>Haematogenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for infection and/or inflammation of the bladder?

    <p>Cystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of pyelonephritis?

    <p>Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of infections are secondary to E. coli?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of upper urinary tract infection?

    <p>Flank pain and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of retrograde bacterial ascent from bladder to kidney?

    <p>Obstruction that interferes with ureteric peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should further investigations be undertaken?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What imaging modality is used to investigate upper urinary tract infection?

    <p>USS (or CT if suspecting stones)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with a fever but no signs of systemic illness, what is the recommended management approach?

    <p>Outpatient management with oral antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections, assuming E. coli resistance is below 38%?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin 500mg bd for 7–10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of urinary sepsis?

    <p>Presence or manipulation of indwelling urinary catheters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathogenesis of epididymitis?

    <p>Infection ascends from the urethra or bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which patient group is epididymitis commonly seen?

    <p>Sexually active men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an inflammatory condition of the epididymis and testis?

    <p>Epididymo-orchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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