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Questions and Answers
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides in treating UTIs?
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides in treating UTIs?
Which of the following antibiotics is not typically used to treat UTIs?
Which of the following antibiotics is not typically used to treat UTIs?
What is a common adverse reaction of trimethoprim?
What is a common adverse reaction of trimethoprim?
What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones in treating UTIs?
What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones in treating UTIs?
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Which of the following antibiotics is known to cause kidney damage?
Which of the following antibiotics is known to cause kidney damage?
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What is the mechanism of action of macrolides in treating UTIs?
What is the mechanism of action of macrolides in treating UTIs?
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Study Notes
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Definition
A UTI is an infection that occurs in the urinary system, affecting the kidneys, bladder, ureters, or urethra.
Symptoms
- Frequent urination
- Pain or burning sensation during urination
- Pain in the lower abdomen or back
- Blood in the urine
- Strong-smelling urine
- Fever
- Nausea and vomiting
Treatment
Antibiotics
Used to treat UTIs, antibiotics can be categorized into several classes:
Sulfonamides
- Examples: sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
- Mechanism: inhibits bacterial synthesis of folic acid
- Adverse reactions: allergic reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, kidney damage
Cephalosporins
- Examples: cephalexin (Keflex), cefaclor (Ceclor)
- Mechanism: inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
- Adverse reactions: allergic reactions, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
Trimethoprim
- Examples: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
- Mechanism: inhibits bacterial synthesis of folic acid
- Adverse reactions: allergic reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, kidney damage
Fluoroquinolones
- Examples: ciprofloxacin (Cipro), levofloxacin (Levaquin)
- Mechanism: inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase
- Adverse reactions: tendon rupture, muscle weakness, gastrointestinal disturbances
Macrolides
- Examples: erythromycin, azithromycin (Zithromax)
- Mechanism: inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
- Adverse reactions: gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions, hearing loss
Adverse Reactions
- Allergic reactions (rash, hives, difficulty breathing)
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Kidney damage
- Tendon rupture
- Muscle weakness
- Hearing loss
Note: It is essential to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before finishing the medication.
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Description
Learn about the different types of antibiotics used to treat Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), including their mechanisms, examples, and potential adverse reactions. Understand the importance of completing the full course of medication.
