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Questions and Answers
What is the most common location of prostate cancer in the prostate gland?
What is the most common location of prostate cancer in the prostate gland?
- Central zone
- Medial zone
- Peripheral zone (correct)
- Anterior zone
What is the primary purpose of a prostate biopsy?
What is the primary purpose of a prostate biopsy?
- To provide a histological diagnosis (correct)
- To diagnose the presence of metastases
- To determine the PSA level
- To measure the size of the prostate
What is the name of the scale used to grade the differentiation of prostate cancer cells?
What is the name of the scale used to grade the differentiation of prostate cancer cells?
- PSA scoring
- TNM classification
- Gleason classification (correct)
- LHRH grading
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of prostate cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of prostate cancer?
What is the primary function of transrectal ultrasound of the prostate?
What is the primary function of transrectal ultrasound of the prostate?
Which of the following is a recent advance in imaging for prostate cancer?
Which of the following is a recent advance in imaging for prostate cancer?
What is the primary function of the prostate gland?
What is the primary function of the prostate gland?
What is the age range when prostate diseases become common?
What is the age range when prostate diseases become common?
What is the term used to describe the non-neoplastic enlargement of the prostate?
What is the term used to describe the non-neoplastic enlargement of the prostate?
What is the histological feature of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
What is the histological feature of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
What is the percentage of men who experience symptoms of BPH above 60 years of age?
What is the percentage of men who experience symptoms of BPH above 60 years of age?
What is the term used to describe an infection of the prostate, usually caused by bacteria?
What is the term used to describe an infection of the prostate, usually caused by bacteria?
What is the most common cause of bladder hypertrophy in a patient with BPH?
What is the most common cause of bladder hypertrophy in a patient with BPH?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of lower urinary tract obstruction in prostate cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of lower urinary tract obstruction in prostate cancer?
What is the primary mechanism of action of a-blockers in treating BPH?
What is the primary mechanism of action of a-blockers in treating BPH?
Which of the following is a risk factor for prostate cancer?
Which of the following is a risk factor for prostate cancer?
What is the most common location of adenocarcinoma in prostate cancer?
What is the most common location of adenocarcinoma in prostate cancer?
What is the primary purpose of transrectal ultrasound in prostate cancer diagnosis?
What is the primary purpose of transrectal ultrasound in prostate cancer diagnosis?
The prostate gland is divided into five zones.
The prostate gland is divided into five zones.
Prostate cancer is a common prostate disease that affects men below 50 years of age.
Prostate cancer is a common prostate disease that affects men below 50 years of age.
Prostatitis is a non-neoplastic enlargement of the prostate.
Prostatitis is a non-neoplastic enlargement of the prostate.
Nodular hyperplasia is a type of prostate cancer.
Nodular hyperplasia is a type of prostate cancer.
The prostate gland slowly grows with age, but prostate diseases are rare.
The prostate gland slowly grows with age, but prostate diseases are rare.
Fibromuscular and glandular atrophy are characteristic histological features of BPH.
Fibromuscular and glandular atrophy are characteristic histological features of BPH.
Hydronephrosis is a complication of bladder hypertrophy in BPH patients.
Hydronephrosis is a complication of bladder hypertrophy in BPH patients.
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men.
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men.
Prostate artery embolisation is a surgical treatment for BPH.
Prostate artery embolisation is a surgical treatment for BPH.
The Gleason classification is used to grade the severity of BPH.
The Gleason classification is used to grade the severity of BPH.
Androgens are known to prevent the growth of prostate cancer.
Androgens are known to prevent the growth of prostate cancer.
Pyelonephritis is a symptom of lower urinary tract obstruction in BPH patients.
Pyelonephritis is a symptom of lower urinary tract obstruction in BPH patients.
Prostate cancer mostly arises in the central zone of the prostate.
Prostate cancer mostly arises in the central zone of the prostate.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to diagnose metastatic disease in the liver.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to diagnose metastatic disease in the liver.
Gleason classification is used to grade the differentiation of prostate cancer cells from Grade 1-10.
Gleason classification is used to grade the differentiation of prostate cancer cells from Grade 1-10.
Radical prostatectomy is a surgical treatment option for prostate cancer.
Radical prostatectomy is a surgical treatment option for prostate cancer.
Orchidectomy is a form of hormone manipulation used to treat prostate cancer.
Orchidectomy is a form of hormone manipulation used to treat prostate cancer.
MRI is used to diagnose metastatic disease in the lungs.
MRI is used to diagnose metastatic disease in the lungs.
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Study Notes
- Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-neoplastic enlargement of the prostate, characterized by nodular hyperplasia of the fibromuscular and glandular tissues.
- BPH is a common condition that affects men, causing urinary retention, cystitis, bladder hypertrophy, and hydronephrosis.
- The main symptoms of BPH include hesitancy in initiating micturition, a poor stream, dribbling postmicturition, and frequency and nocturia.
- The cause of BPH is unknown, but it is believed to be related to the levels of male sex hormone (testosterone).
- Digital rectal examination is used to diagnose BPH, which reveals a firm, smooth, and rubbery prostate.
- Treatment options for BPH include medical therapy with alpha-blockers and antiandrogens, and surgical therapy with transurethral resection (TURP).
- Prostate cancer is a common disease that affects elderly men, accounting for 1/4 of all cancers in men.
- The cause of prostate cancer is unknown, but it is linked to androgenic hormones and tumour growth.
- Prostate cancer is characterized by adenocarcinoma in the peripheral zone, with a Gleason classification system used for grading.
- Symptoms of prostate cancer include symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction, a hard craggy prostate on rectal examination, and metastatic disease in the bone.
- Diagnosis of prostate cancer involves transrectal ultrasound, prostatic biopsy, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing.
- Treatment options for prostate cancer include surgery, hormone manipulation, and radiotherapy.
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to monitor metastases and treatment response.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used to define the size and staging of the tumour, and to assess the risk of spreading.
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a fibromuscular and glandular hyperplasia that occurs in the lateral and median lobes of the prostate.
- Prostate cancer is a disease of elderly men, occurring in 1 in 10 men over 70 years, and is rare in men under 55 years.
- Family history is a strong risk factor for prostate cancer.
- Prostate cancer can be asymptomatic, with some cases only discovered at autopsy.
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