Urinary Tract Disorders: Prostate Diseases and Cancer
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common location of prostate cancer in the prostate gland?

  • Central zone
  • Medial zone
  • Peripheral zone (correct)
  • Anterior zone
  • What is the primary purpose of a prostate biopsy?

  • To provide a histological diagnosis (correct)
  • To diagnose the presence of metastases
  • To determine the PSA level
  • To measure the size of the prostate
  • What is the name of the scale used to grade the differentiation of prostate cancer cells?

  • PSA scoring
  • TNM classification
  • Gleason classification (correct)
  • LHRH grading
  • Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of prostate cancer?

    <p>Pain in the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transrectal ultrasound of the prostate?

    <p>To define the size and staging of the tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recent advance in imaging for prostate cancer?

    <p>mpMRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the prostate gland?

    <p>To surround the bladder neck and proximal urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range when prostate diseases become common?

    <p>Above 50 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the non-neoplastic enlargement of the prostate?

    <p>Benign prostatic hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histological feature of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

    <p>Fibromuscular &amp; glandular hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of men who experience symptoms of BPH above 60 years of age?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an infection of the prostate, usually caused by bacteria?

    <p>Prostatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of bladder hypertrophy in a patient with BPH?

    <p>Bladder outflow obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of lower urinary tract obstruction in prostate cancer?

    <p>Hematuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of a-blockers in treating BPH?

    <p>Relax the smooth muscle at the bladder neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for prostate cancer?

    <p>Hormonal changes, androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location of adenocarcinoma in prostate cancer?

    <p>Peripheral zone, posterior location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of transrectal ultrasound in prostate cancer diagnosis?

    <p>To measure the size and stage of the tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prostate gland is divided into five zones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prostate cancer is a common prostate disease that affects men below 50 years of age.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prostatitis is a non-neoplastic enlargement of the prostate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nodular hyperplasia is a type of prostate cancer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prostate gland slowly grows with age, but prostate diseases are rare.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibromuscular and glandular atrophy are characteristic histological features of BPH.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydronephrosis is a complication of bladder hypertrophy in BPH patients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prostate artery embolisation is a surgical treatment for BPH.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Gleason classification is used to grade the severity of BPH.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Androgens are known to prevent the growth of prostate cancer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pyelonephritis is a symptom of lower urinary tract obstruction in BPH patients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prostate cancer mostly arises in the central zone of the prostate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to diagnose metastatic disease in the liver.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gleason classification is used to grade the differentiation of prostate cancer cells from Grade 1-10.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radical prostatectomy is a surgical treatment option for prostate cancer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Orchidectomy is a form of hormone manipulation used to treat prostate cancer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRI is used to diagnose metastatic disease in the lungs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-neoplastic enlargement of the prostate, characterized by nodular hyperplasia of the fibromuscular and glandular tissues.
    • BPH is a common condition that affects men, causing urinary retention, cystitis, bladder hypertrophy, and hydronephrosis.
    • The main symptoms of BPH include hesitancy in initiating micturition, a poor stream, dribbling postmicturition, and frequency and nocturia.
    • The cause of BPH is unknown, but it is believed to be related to the levels of male sex hormone (testosterone).
    • Digital rectal examination is used to diagnose BPH, which reveals a firm, smooth, and rubbery prostate.
    • Treatment options for BPH include medical therapy with alpha-blockers and antiandrogens, and surgical therapy with transurethral resection (TURP).
    • Prostate cancer is a common disease that affects elderly men, accounting for 1/4 of all cancers in men.
    • The cause of prostate cancer is unknown, but it is linked to androgenic hormones and tumour growth.
    • Prostate cancer is characterized by adenocarcinoma in the peripheral zone, with a Gleason classification system used for grading.
    • Symptoms of prostate cancer include symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction, a hard craggy prostate on rectal examination, and metastatic disease in the bone.
    • Diagnosis of prostate cancer involves transrectal ultrasound, prostatic biopsy, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing.
    • Treatment options for prostate cancer include surgery, hormone manipulation, and radiotherapy.
    • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to monitor metastases and treatment response.
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used to define the size and staging of the tumour, and to assess the risk of spreading.
    • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a fibromuscular and glandular hyperplasia that occurs in the lateral and median lobes of the prostate.
    • Prostate cancer is a disease of elderly men, occurring in 1 in 10 men over 70 years, and is rare in men under 55 years.
    • Family history is a strong risk factor for prostate cancer.
    • Prostate cancer can be asymptomatic, with some cases only discovered at autopsy.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of prostate diseases, including Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. Learn about the pathological features and clinical characteristics of these urinary tract disorders.

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