Urinary Tract Anatomy and Histology
22 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubules in the nephron?

  • Secretion of ammonia
  • Reabsorption of water and sodium
  • Reabsorption of glucose and amino acids (correct)
  • Excretion of waste products
  • What is the characteristic of the cells lining the proximal convoluted tubules?

  • Cubical with clear boundaries
  • Triangular with non-clear boundaries (correct)
  • Columnar with basal striations
  • Squamous with apical microvilli
  • What is the primary function of the distal convoluted tubules?

  • Reabsorption of water and sodium (correct)
  • Excretion of waste products
  • Reabsorption of glucose and amino acids
  • Secretion of ammonia
  • What is the structure that connects the proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lumen in the proximal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Narrow lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Convolutions of the tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the basal infoldings in the proximal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Increase surface area for reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cells lining the distal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Cubical with clear boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the longitudinal folds in the mucosa of the urinary tract?

    <p>To allow distension during the passage of small stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the urinary bladder?

    <p>Transitional epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the muscle layer in the urinary bladder wall?

    <p>Detrusor muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the umbrella cells in the mucosa of the urinary bladder when it is full?

    <p>They become flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the urinary bladder wall?

    <p>Adventitia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the internal sphincter in the urinary bladder?

    <p>To prevent the backflow of urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the thin descending part of the nephron?

    <p>Simple squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron is responsible for the concentration and formation of hypertonic urine?

    <p>Thick ascending part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the juxtaglomerular cells?

    <p>Secrete renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nephrons does each collecting tubule receive?

    <p>5-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the small collecting tubules?

    <p>Simple cuboidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus composed of?

    <p>Juxtaglomerular cells, macula densa, and extraglomerular mesangial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the macula densa?

    <p>Osmoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the ureter?

    <p>Transitional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Urinary System

    • The urinary system consists of uriniferous tubules, which include nephrons and collecting tubules.

    Nephrons

    • Nephrons are composed of proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules.

    Proximal Convoluted Tubules

    • Length: 15 mm, more convoluted
    • Diameter: 60 µm
    • Lined with 3-4 cells with non-clear boundaries, deeply acidophilic and granular, with basal striations and apical brush border
    • Numerous apical microvilli and pits and vesicles containing reabsorbed proteins
    • Basal infoldings with numerous mitochondria
    • Function: reabsorption of H2O and Na, active absorption of glucose and amino acids

    Distal Convoluted Tubules

    • Length: 5 mm, less convoluted
    • Diameter: 40 µm
    • Lined with 5-8 cells with clear boundaries, less acidophilic and less granular, with central nucleus
    • Few microvilli and mitochondria
    • Function: reabsorption of H2O (ADH), reabsorption of Na (aldosterone), and secretion of ammonia

    Renal Tubules

    • The renal tubules include the loop of Henle, which connects the proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules.

    Loop of Henle

    • U-shaped, formed of thick descending, thin descending, thin ascending, and thick ascending parts
    • Function: concentration and formation of hypertonic urine

    Collecting Tubules

    • Each collecting tubule receives 5-10 nephrons
    • Small collecting tubules are lined with simple cuboidal epithelium
    • Large collecting ducts (Ducts of Bellini) are lined with simple columnar epithelium

    Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

    • Definition: complex structure at the vascular pole of some renal corpuscles
    • Composed of juxtaglomerular cells, macula densa, and extraglomerular mesangial cells (Lacis cells)
    • Function: secretion of renin, osmoreception, and support

    Urinary Passages

    • Ureter: wall formed of mucosa, musculosa, and adventitia
    • Mucosa: transitional epithelium and C.T corium, forms longitudinal folds to allow distension
    • Musculosa: upper 2/3 has 2 layers, lower 1/3 has 3 layers
    • Adventitia: loose CT rich in BV, nerves, and lymph vessels

    Urinary Bladder

    • Wall formed of mucosa, musculosa, and adventitia
    • Mucosa: transitional epithelium (urothelium) on C.T corium, with umbrella cells
    • Musculosa: detrusor muscle, formed of 3 poorly delineated layers, thickened at the bladder neck to form the internal sphincter
    • Adventitia: loose C.T, superior part covered by peritoneum

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy of the urinary tract, including the renal cortex and medulla, and the histological structure of nephrons and collecting tubules. It also explores the ultrastructure of podocytes and their role in forming the renal blood barrier.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser