Urinary System Quiz

False (B)

Bean-shaped, about 11 cm long, 6 cm wide, and 3 cm thick

<p>nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal hilum = Entry/exit point for blood vessels and ureter Adipose capsule = Protection and cushioning for the kidney Renal fascia = Anchors kidney to surrounding structures Nephron = Functional unit of the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nephroptosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide, ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatinine, and inorganic salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase urine flow rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stretch receptors send signals to the micturition center in the spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>trigone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ureters = Transport urine from kidneys to bladder Urinary Bladder = Stores urine Loop of Henle = Concentrates urine Detrusor muscle = Expels urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>detrusor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>600 mls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of urine in the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>internal urethral</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urethritis = Infection of the urethra Cystitis = Infection of the urinary bladder Temporary incontinence = Loss of bladder control due to weakened muscles Permanent incontinence = Inability to control urination due to damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shorter urethra (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakening of muscles around the bladder and urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>65% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid hormone = Regulates reabsorption of Ca2+ and phosphate Aldosterone = Increases reabsorption of Na+ and water Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) = Increases water reabsorption Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) = Decreases reabsorption of Na+ and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kidneys secrete a small amount of concentrated urine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps regulate the levels of Na+ and K+ in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water, ions, and small molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>filtration pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GCP = Blood pressure inside the capillary CHP = Pressure of filtrate in the lumen BCOP = Osmotic pressure caused by proteins in blood Filtration Pressure = Pressure gradient responsible for filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>150-180 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration and regulation of urine formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal corpuscle = The part of the nephron where blood filtration occurs Renal tubule = The part of the nephron responsible for reabsorption and secretion Minor calyx = Surrounds renal papillae and collects urine from pyramids Renal artery = The blood vessel that supplies blood to the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nerve supply (sympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The functional unit of the kidney.

Part of a nephron that filters blood.

Part of a nephron that reabsorbs and secretes substances.

Outer layer of the kidney, light-red in color.

Darker inner layer of kidney.

A cone-shaped structure inside the renal medulla.

The cavity that collects urine from the kidney.

Tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder.

The main excretory system that maintains water and electrolyte balance in the body by removing waste products from the blood; it regulates blood volume, pressure, solute concentrations, pH, and red blood cell and vitamin D synthesis.

Located behind the peritoneum, on either side of the vertebral column, between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae. The right kidney is slightly lower than the left, because of the liver's position.

Bean-shaped organs consisting of a cortex and medulla; the functional portion, or parenchyma of the kidney.

Urine contains waste products such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatinine, and inorganic salts.

An indented area on the kidney where the renal artery, nerves, renal vein, and ureter enter and exit.

Inferior displacement of the kidneys, potentially causing ureter kinking and urine flow blockage.

Excretion of waste; regulation of blood volume, pressure, solute concentrations, pH and red blood cell and vitamin D synthesis.

The process where fluid from blood in the glomerulus moves across the filtration membrane into Bowman's capsule.

The fluid that is formed during filtration, containing water, ions, and small molecules.

Large molecules like plasma proteins, blood cells, and platelets are too big to pass through the filtration membrane.

The pressure difference that drives filtration, forcing fluid from the glomerular capillary into Bowman's capsule.

The blood pressure inside the glomerular capillary, pushing fluid out into Bowman's capsule.

The pressure of the filtrate already in Bowman's capsule, resisting further filtration.

The pressure caused by proteins in the blood, pulling fluid back into the capillary.

The volume of filtrate formed by both kidneys per minute.

The process of recovering useful substances from the filtrate back into the bloodstream. It occurs throughout the renal tubule, with different segments responsible for absorbing specific substances.

The first segment of the renal tubule where the majority of reabsorption occurs (around 65%). It absorbs essential nutrients, water, and electrolytes from the filtrate.

The process of removing waste products and excess substances from the blood and releasing them into the renal tubules for excretion in urine.

A hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland that regulates the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) to maintain blood calcium levels.

A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that increases the reabsorption of sodium and water and promotes potassium secretion in the DCT, thus regulating blood volume and pressure.

A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct, reducing urine volume and maintaining blood pressure.

A hormone secreted from the heart's right atrium when blood pressure is high. It decreases sodium and water reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and collecting ducts, helping to reduce blood pressure.

The kidney's ability to adjust the volume and osmolality (concentration) of urine based on the body's needs. It concentrates urine when the body is dehydrated and dilutes urine when the body is hydrated.

A ring of smooth muscle at the beginning of the urethra that controls urine flow from the bladder (involuntary).

A ring of skeletal muscle that encircles the urethra where it passes through the pelvic floor (voluntary).

The involuntary process of urination triggered by bladder distension.

The maximum amount of urine the bladder can hold, typically around 600 ml, with the urge to urinate coming around 300-400 ml.

The inability to control urination, leading to involuntary urine leakage.

Inflammation of the urethra, often caused by infection.

Inflammation of the urinary bladder, often caused by infection.

When low ADH is present, the collecting duct and late distal convoluted tubule become less permeable to water, resulting in more water reabsorption from the tubular fluid, leading to dilute urine.

High ADH levels increase water permeability in the collecting duct and late distal convoluted tubule, leading to increased water reabsorption into the interstitial fluid. This results in less water remaining in the tubular fluid, leading to concentrated urine.

Drugs that increase urine flow rate by inhibiting specific transport mechanisms in the kidney, such as the symporters in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, as seen with loop diuretics like furosemide.

Transports urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the urinary bladder, through peristaltic waves, hydrostatic pressure, and gravity.

A hollow, distensible muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity, below the parietal peritoneum, behind the symphysis pubis.

The act of urinating, involving a combination of voluntary and involuntary muscle contractions to expel urine from the bladder.

A triangular area in the floor of the urinary bladder formed by three openings: two openings from the ureters and one opening into the urethra.

Smooth muscle fibers that form the muscularis of the bladder, enabling the expulsion of urine upon contraction.