Urinary System Overview and Kidney Functions

False (B)

Trigone

<p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The urinary system removes waste products, toxins, drugs, and excess ions from the body. It also regulates blood pressure, red blood cell production, and vitamin D activation.

The urinary system comprises the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Kidneys are located retroperitoneally (behind the peritoneum) between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. The right kidney is slightly lower than the left.

Average adult kidney is 12 cm long and 6 cm wide.

The medial indentation where structures like ureters, blood vessels, and nerves enter and leave the kidney.

An endocrine gland located on top of each kidney.

The kidney is protected by a fibrous capsule, perirenal fat capsule, and renal fascia.

The outer region of the kidney.

The inner region of the kidney, containing renal pyramids and columns.

Triangular regions of tissue within the renal medulla.

Extensions of cortical material that separate renal pyramids.

A funnel-shaped tube receiving urine from calyces and channeling it to ureters.

Cup-shaped structures that collect urine and send it to the renal pelvis.

Kidneys receive about a quarter of the total blood flow, via renal arteries.

The glomerulus filters blood, forcing water and small solutes into the glomerular capsule, while retaining proteins and blood cells.

The higher pressure in the glomerulus than in the glomerular capsule forces the filtration process.

Use of active and passive transport to take back needed substances (water, glucose, ions) from the filtrate into the blood via peritubular capillaries.

Opposite of reabsorption, unwanted substances (hydrogen ions, drugs) are moved from the blood into the renal tubules.

A nitrogenous waste product of protein metabolism.

Filtrate contains almost everything in blood plasma (minus proteins), while urine is the remaining filtrate after reabsorption of water, nutrients and ions.

Pale to deep yellow due to urochrome pigment from hemoglobin breakdown.

Transport urine from kidneys to the bladder via peristalsis (muscle contractions).

Temporarily stores urine until micturition (urination).

The smooth muscle layer in the bladder wall that contracts during urination.

The process of emptying the urinary bladder. It involves both voluntary and involuntary muscle actions.