Urinary System Quiz

Kidneys produce calcitriol, a form of vitamin D, to help absorb calcium.

Kidneys make erythropoietin to trigger red blood cell production.

Kidneys are bean-shaped organs situated behind the parietal peritoneum.

Hilum is where the ureter and blood vessels connect to the kidney.

Kidneys have fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia, and paranephric fat that surround and support.

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Aldosterone is a hormone that increases sodium (Na+) reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased water reabsorption.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys, influencing urine concentration.

Kidneys actively remove waste products and excess ions from the blood and add them to urine.

The kidney secretes substances like H+, K+, and ammonium (NH4+) ions into the urine.

A substance that increases urine output by reducing water reabsorption in the kidneys.

The process where blood pressure forces small substances like water, glucose, and waste from the blood into the glomerular capsule, starting urine formation.

The process where the proximal tubule and nephron loop reabsorb useful substances (like water, glucose, and amino acids) from the filtrate back into the blood.

A specialized structure in the kidneys that regulates blood pressure by secreting renin.

The process of releasing urine from the bladder.

The amount of urine the bladder can hold. It varies from person to person, but is usually between 200-400 mL.

The inability to control urination voluntarily.

An infection affecting any part of the urinary system.

An inflammation of the bladder, often caused by a bacterial infection.

A medical procedure that artificially filters the blood in place of the kidneys.

Up to 75% of nephrons are damaged, but the remaining healthy ones compensate.

A state where 75% of nephrons are damaged, leading to noticeable kidney function impairment.

When 90% of nephrons are destroyed, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Mostly water, some ions, and waste products. No glucose, protein, blood cells, or bacteria should be present.

The ureter is a narrow tube that uses muscle contractions (peristalsis) to transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

A hard deposit that forms in the kidneys and can block urine flow, causing pain and potential complications.

The urinary bladder is a muscular organ that stores urine, expanding as it fills and contracting to release urine.

The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. In males, it also carries semen.

Two sphincter muscles control urine flow: the internal (involuntary) and external (voluntary) sphincter.

The body reabsorbs needed substances like ions, glucose, amino acids, and some water back into the bloodstream from the proximal tubule and nephron loop.

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) influences urine concentration. Low ADH leads to diluted urine (lots of water), while high ADH results in concentrated urine (less water).

Normal urine shouldn't contain glucose, protein/amino acids, blood/blood cells, or bacteria.

These cells nourish and support sperm development within the testes.

These cells produce testosterone, the primary male sex hormone.

A specialized cell division that produces gametes (sperm or egg) with half the number of chromosomes as a normal cell, ensuring genetic diversity.

A cap-like structure on the head of a sperm cell containing enzymes that help penetrate the egg.

Sperm cells consist of a head containing DNA, a midpiece with mitochondria for energy, and a tail for movement.

Sex chromosomes determine your sex. XX chromosomes indicate female, while XY chromosomes indicate male.

Gonads are the primary reproductive organs. Ovaries are the gonads in females, while testes are the gonads in males.

The male reproductive system is responsible for producing sperm cells and delivering them to the female reproductive system.

The scrotum is an external sac of loose skin that holds the testes. It regulates temperature for sperm production.

Seminiferous tubules are tightly coiled tubes within the testes where sperm cells are produced.