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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the bladder?
What is the primary function of the bladder?
Which structure drains urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
Which structure drains urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
In which anatomical position is the bladder located in males?
In which anatomical position is the bladder located in males?
What is the approximate normal capacity of the bladder?
What is the approximate normal capacity of the bladder?
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What is the narrowest part of the bladder called?
What is the narrowest part of the bladder called?
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Which part of the urethra is approximately 15-20 cm long in males?
Which part of the urethra is approximately 15-20 cm long in males?
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What role does the efferent arteriole play in kidney function?
What role does the efferent arteriole play in kidney function?
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What is the triangular area inside the bladder called?
What is the triangular area inside the bladder called?
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What is the primary role of the urinary system?
What is the primary role of the urinary system?
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Which part of the kidney is positioned higher than the other?
Which part of the kidney is positioned higher than the other?
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What is the hilum renale?
What is the hilum renale?
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How many nephrons are approximately found in each kidney?
How many nephrons are approximately found in each kidney?
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What structure in the kidney contains blood vessels, nerves, and adipose tissue?
What structure in the kidney contains blood vessels, nerves, and adipose tissue?
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What is the rate of filtration in the human kidney?
What is the rate of filtration in the human kidney?
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Which part of the kidney comprises the outer one-third of the renal mass?
Which part of the kidney comprises the outer one-third of the renal mass?
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What is produced by the kidneys that is essential for red blood cell production?
What is produced by the kidneys that is essential for red blood cell production?
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Study Notes
Urinary System
- The urinary system transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder
- In women, the kidneys are positioned near the ovaries
- Kidneys are bean-shaped and heavily take up space near major blood vessels
- Kidneys take blood from the abdominal aorta
- Kidneys drain into the inferior vena cava
Kidney Functions
- Filtration: Removing waste products from the blood.
- Reabsorption: Returning essential substances to the blood
- Excretion: Eliminating excess wastes and fluids as urine.
- Regulation of overall blood volume and blood pressure
- Maintenance of appropriate electrolyte balance and maintaining acid/base balance
- Production of erythropoietin(hormone) which stimulates the production of red blood cells, and creation of other hormones
Kidney Location and Position
- Positioned in the upper part of the posterior abdominal wall
- Kidneys are on either side of the vertebral column.
- The right kidney is positioned at the level of T12 to L3
- The left kidney is positioned at the level of T11 to L2
- The left kidney is situated higher than the right kidney
Urinary System Organs
- Two kidneys
- Two ureters
- One urinary bladder
- One urethra
Ureters
- Channels that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
- Approximately 25-30 cm in length
- Pass through the linea terminalis to enter the pelvis minor
- Travel along the lateral wall of the pelvis to reach the bladder
Bladder
- Reservoir for urine
- Located posterior to the symphysis pubis
- Anterior to the uterus in females, and anterior to the rectum in males.
- Normal capacity is approximately 220 mL but can hold up to 500 mL
- Empty bladder lies in the pelvis minor and when full can extend up to the level of the umbilicus.
Urethra
- In males, 20 cm long
- In females, 3-5 cm long
- The urethra contains Two sphincter muscles, internal sphincter and external sphincter.
Nephrons
- Functional units within the kidneys
- Averages over a million nephrons per kidney,
- Urine formation occurs within nephrons
Urine Formation Stages
- Filtration
- Reabsorption
- Excretion
Renal Blood Supply
- Renal artery arises from the abdominal aorta
- Renal vein drains into the inferior vena cava
Structures of the Kidney
- Renal pelvis
- Calyx's minor & major
- Medulla and Cortex
- Other structures, such as the hilum and renal columns
Urethra segments
- Pars prostatica (in male)
- Pars membranacea (in male)
- Pars spongiosa (in male) - which continues to the tip of the penis.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the urinary system and its functions, focusing on kidney anatomy and physiology. This quiz covers the roles of the kidneys in filtration, reabsorption, and regulation of blood volume and pressure. Ideal for those studying human biology or anatomy.
