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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the ureters?
What is the primary function of the ureters?
- To produce hormones
- To filter blood
- To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder (correct)
- To store urine
Which structure is primarily responsible for reabsorption of beneficial substances?
Which structure is primarily responsible for reabsorption of beneficial substances?
- Urethra
- Nephron (correct)
- Bladder
- Ureter
What is the normal capacity of the bladder?
What is the normal capacity of the bladder?
- 500 mL
- 150 mL
- 300 mL
- 220 mL (correct)
Where does the renal artery arise from?
Where does the renal artery arise from?
What distinguishes the fundus of the bladder?
What distinguishes the fundus of the bladder?
How long is the urethra in females compared to males?
How long is the urethra in females compared to males?
What is the function of the cervix of the bladder?
What is the function of the cervix of the bladder?
What is the length of the male urethra?
What is the length of the male urethra?
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
Where are the kidneys located in the body?
Where are the kidneys located in the body?
What structure in the kidney is responsible for the passage of plasma fluid during the filtration stage?
What structure in the kidney is responsible for the passage of plasma fluid during the filtration stage?
What is the correct order of urine flow from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder?
What is the correct order of urine flow from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder?
Which of the following statements about the kidneys is true?
Which of the following statements about the kidneys is true?
What type of tissue is found within the sinus renalis?
What type of tissue is found within the sinus renalis?
How many nephrons are typically found in each kidney?
How many nephrons are typically found in each kidney?
What is the primary role of erythropoietin produced by the kidneys?
What is the primary role of erythropoietin produced by the kidneys?
Flashcards
Nephron
Nephron
The primary filtering unit of the kidney, responsible for removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood.
Filtration
Filtration
The process of removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood in the nephrons.
Cortex renalis
Cortex renalis
The outer layer of the kidney, containing the glomeruli and Bowman's capsules.
Medulla renalis
Medulla renalis
The inner layer of the kidney, containing the renal pyramids.
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Sinus renalis
Sinus renalis
The central area of the kidney containing the calyces, pelvis, blood vessels, and nerves.
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Pelvis renalis
Pelvis renalis
The funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine from the calyces and transports it to the ureter.
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Calyx major
Calyx major
The structure in the kidney that collects urine from the renal pyramids and transports it to the pelvis.
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Calyx minor
Calyx minor
The cup-like structure in the kidney that collects urine from the nephrons and transports it to the calyx major.
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What is the function of the kidneys?
What is the function of the kidneys?
The process of filtering blood and producing urine. It involves three key steps: filtration, reabsorption, and excretion.
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What is reabsorption in the kidneys?
What is reabsorption in the kidneys?
The active and passive transport of beneficial substances such as water, glucose, and certain electrolytes back into the bloodstream from the tubules of the nephrons.
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What is excretion in the kidneys?
What is excretion in the kidneys?
The process by which metabolic waste products are transferred from capillaries into the tubules at various parts of the nephron, becoming part of the urine.
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What are ureters?
What are ureters?
Long, narrow tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
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What is the bladder?
What is the bladder?
A hollow organ that stores urine before it is eliminated from the body.
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What is the urethra?
What is the urethra?
The final tube that carries urine out of the body from the bladder.
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What is the detrusor muscle?
What is the detrusor muscle?
Inner layer of the bladder that helps to stretch and contract to accommodate urine.
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What is the neck of the bladder?
What is the neck of the bladder?
The narrowest part of the bladder that connects to the urethra.
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Urinary System Overview
- The urinary system moves waste from kidneys to the bladder.
- Women's kidneys are near their ovaries.
- Kidneys filter blood, remove waste and maintain balance.
Kidney Functions
- Blood filtration: Removes waste products.
- Maintains electrolyte balance.
- Maintains acid-base balance.
- Regulates blood volume and blood pressure.
- Produces erythropoietin (for red blood cell production) and other hormones.
Kidney Location
- Located in the upper posterior abdominal wall, on either side of the vertebral column.
- Right kidney is at the level of T12 to L3, and the left kidney is at the level of T11 to L2.
- Left kidney sits higher than the right kidney.
Urinary System Organs
- Two kidneys.
- Two ureters.
- Urinary bladder.
- Urethra.
Stages of Urine Formation
- Filtration: Plasma fluid from the glomerulus passes into the glomerular capsule.
- Reabsorption: Beneficial substances are reabsorbed into the bloodstream.
- Excretion: Metabolic waste products are moved into the tubules, forming urine.
Ureters
- Channels that transport urine from kidneys to the bladder.
- Approximately 25-30 cm long.
- Pass through the linea terminalis to the pelvis minor and along the pelvis's lateral wall to reach the bladder.
Bladder (Vesica Urinaria)
- Reservoir for urine.
- Located posterior to the symphysis pubis in females it is positioned anterior to the uterus, and in males, it is anterior to the rectum.
- Normal capacity is ~220 mL, but can hold up to 500mL.
- Empty bladder resides within the pelvis minor, but a full bladder can extend up to the umbilicus level.
Urethra
- Transports urine from the bladder to the exterior.
- In males, it is 15-20 cm long; and in females, it is 3-5 cm long.
- Contains internal and external sphincter muscles.
Parts of the Urethra
- Pars prostatica.
- Pars membranacea.
- Pars spongiosa.
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