Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of reabsorption in the nephron?
What is the primary function of reabsorption in the nephron?
- Transporting beneficial substances into the bloodstream (correct)
- Storing urine in the bladder
- Filtration of blood
- Removing metabolic waste from urine
Which structure primarily drains blood from the kidneys into the inferior vena cava?
Which structure primarily drains blood from the kidneys into the inferior vena cava?
- Renal artery
- Afferent arteriole
- Segmental artery
- V.renalis (correct)
Which part of the bladder is described as having a triangular shape with openings for the ureters?
Which part of the bladder is described as having a triangular shape with openings for the ureters?
- Fundus vesicae (correct)
- Cervix vesicae
- Corpus vesicae
- Apex vesicae
What is the length of the urethra in females?
What is the length of the urethra in females?
What is the normal capacity of the bladder?
What is the normal capacity of the bladder?
Which part of the bladder is considered the narrowest?
Which part of the bladder is considered the narrowest?
What is the function of the ureters?
What is the function of the ureters?
What is the correct sequence of the parts of the male urethra from proximal to distal?
What is the correct sequence of the parts of the male urethra from proximal to distal?
What is one of the primary functions of the urinary system?
What is one of the primary functions of the urinary system?
Which organ is NOT part of the urinary system?
Which organ is NOT part of the urinary system?
Where are the kidneys located in relation to the vertebral column?
Where are the kidneys located in relation to the vertebral column?
What structure is located on the medial surface of the kidney?
What structure is located on the medial surface of the kidney?
What role does erythropoietin play in the body?
What role does erythropoietin play in the body?
Which part of the kidney primarily contains the nephrons?
Which part of the kidney primarily contains the nephrons?
What is the rate of filtration in the kidneys?
What is the rate of filtration in the kidneys?
What structure connects the kidney to the urinary bladder?
What structure connects the kidney to the urinary bladder?
Flashcards
Blood Filtration
Blood Filtration
The process of removing waste products from the blood and filtering it to maintain proper electrolyte balance and acid-base balance.
Kidneys
Kidneys
Organs that produce urine as a waste product and play a crucial role in regulating blood volume and pressure.
Calyx Minor
Calyx Minor
A small, funnel-shaped structure that receives urine from the nephrons and directs it to the renal pelvis.
Calyx Major
Calyx Major
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Renal Pelvis
Renal Pelvis
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Nephron
Nephron
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Filtration
Filtration
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Reabsorption
Reabsorption
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Excretion
Excretion
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Renal Artery
Renal Artery
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Ureters
Ureters
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Bladder (vesica urinaria)
Bladder (vesica urinaria)
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Apex Vesicae
Apex Vesicae
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Fundus Vesicae
Fundus Vesicae
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Urethra
Urethra
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Study Notes
Urinary System Overview
- The urinary system transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
- In women, the kidneys are located near the ovaries.
- The kidneys filter blood and remove waste products.
- Kidneys maintain electrolyte balance.
- Kidneys regulate blood volume and blood pressure.
- Kidneys produce erythropoietin, which helps produce red blood cells.
Location of Kidneys
- Positioned in the upper part of the posterior abdominal wall.
- The right kidney is at the level of T12 to L3.
- The left kidney is at the level of T11 to L2.
- The left kidney is slightly higher than the right kidney.
Urinary System Organs
- Kidneys (2): Filter blood and produce urine.
- Ureters (2): Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
- Urinary bladder: Stores urine.
- Urethra: Transports urine out of the body.
Stages of Urine Formation
- Filtration: Blood is filtered in the glomerulus, producing a filtrate.
- Reabsorption: Useful substances are reabsorbed into the blood.
- Excretion: Waste products are eliminated from the blood.
Ureters
- Approximately 25-30 cm long.
- Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
- Pass through the linea terminalis to enter the pelvis minor.
- Travel along the lateral pelvic wall.
Bladder
- Reservoir for urine.
- Located posterior to the symphysis pubis in females, or anterior to the rectum in males.
- Normal capacity is about 220 ml, but can hold up to 500 ml.
- When full, it extends to the level of the umbilicus.
Urethra
- Transports urine out of the body.
- Males: 15-20 cm long.
- Females: 3-5 cm long.
- Contains internal and external sphincters.
Kidney Structures
- Cortex: Outer region of the kidney.
- Medulla: Inner region of the kidney.
- Renal pyramids: Triangular structures in the medulla.
- Calyces: Collect urine from the pyramids.
- Renal pelvis: Collecting chamber for urine.
- Hilum: Opening where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the kidney.
Nephrons
- Functional units of the kidneys.
- Each kidney contains over one million nephrons.
Blood Vessels associated with Kidneys
- Renal artery: Brings blood to the kidneys.
- Renal vein: Carries filtered blood away from the kidneys.
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