Urinary System: Organs and Function

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the primary function of the urinary bladder?

  • Producing urine
  • Storing urine (correct)
  • Filtering waste from the blood
  • Transporting urine to the kidneys

What process facilitates the movement of urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Gravitational pull
  • Rhythmic movements of the ureters (correct)

The act of expelling urine from the body is known as what?

  • Secretion
  • Micturition (correct)
  • Absorption
  • Filtration

Within what range should the typical urine production be for a healthy adult in a 24-hour period?

<p>1000-1500 ml (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Age and development impact urine excretion. Which age group is most likely to experience changes in their urine excretion patterns?

<p>Older adults (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a person experiences a urine output of less than 500mL a day, which of the following conditions does the patient have?

<p>Oliguria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of urinary retention?

<p>Accumulation of urine due to the inability to urinate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a nursing intervention to promote easy urine excretion?

<p>Encouraging a comfortable sitting position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances is urinary catheterization typically recommended?

<p>When a patient is unable to control urination or has urinary retention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key consideration when selecting a catheter for urinary catheterization?

<p>Patient's age and gender (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of catheter is designed for short-term use and intermittent catheterization?

<p>Nelaton catheter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which catheter type is preferred for long-term applications, such as when a patient requires continuous urine drainage for more than three weeks?

<p>Foley catheter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing urinary catheterization on a female patient in what position is it recommended to place the patient?

<p>Dorsal recumbent position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to clean the genital area with an antiseptic solution before urinary catheterization?

<p>To prevent infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical step after the catheter is inserted into the bladder during Foley catheterization?

<p>Inflating the balloon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication associated with urinary catheter?

<p>Urinary tract infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken before removing an indwelling urinary catheter?

<p>Deflate the catheter balloon completely (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of bladder exercises after catheter removal?

<p>To restore normal bladder function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a condom catheter?

<p>It is a non-invasive device that collects urine externally for males (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should a condom catheter be changed?

<p>Every 24 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common complication associated with condom catheters?

<p>Edema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between suprapubic and urethral catheterization?

<p>Suprapubic catheterization is placed through an incision in the abdomen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key practice must be followed when performing bladder irrigation?

<p>Maintaining surgical aseptic conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of catheter is typically used when performing bladder irrigation?

<p>Three-lumen catheter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using patient underpads, as an alternative method, in managing urinary issues?

<p>To protect bedding and furniture from incontinence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) differ from indwelling catheterization regarding urine drainage?

<p>CIC involves draining urine periodically with a clean catheter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should catheters be inserted using an aseptic technique and sterile materials?

<p>To reduce the risk of infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In urinary catheter care, why is it important to keep the urine bag below the level of the bladder?

<p>To prevent backflow of urine into the bladder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended practice for handling the urine bag to prevent contamination?

<p>Using a measurement cap (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should the urine bag be emptied to prevent complications and maintain hygiene?

<p>Every 8 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the meatus is found to be dirty during catheter care?

<p>Clean it with water and soap or baticon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is essential when taking a sterile urine sample from a catheter?

<p>Clamp the tubing below the catheter port for about 30 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When collecting a 24-hour urine sample, at what point should the collection begin?

<p>After the first urination in the morning, discarding that urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient with a catheter reports discomfort. What is the first action of assessment you take?

<p>Check for signs of irritation or infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What teaching would you give to a patient at risk for urinary retention?

<p>Teach the patient intermittent self-catheterization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse teach the patient about minimizing the risk of urinary tract infections when having an indwelling catheter set?

<p>Increase your daily fluid intake. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following might lead to a false high on a 24 hour urine collection?

<p>Forgetting to add in urine voided during a bowel movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While giving a patient a catheter, if the patient immediately reports discomfort, what action did the healthcare provider fail to perform?

<p>Omits lubricating catheter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should the healthcare provider take If the patient has a latex allergy and requires a condom catheter?

<p>Consider an allergy-friendly alternative. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the next action a nurse should take If she has just inserted a urinary catheter set but notices there is no urine collection?

<p>Verify if the catheter set's patency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What teaching points about urinary catheter drainage bag maintenance are important to emphasize with the patient that has an indwelling urinary catheter at home?

<p>It's important to ensure routine bag changes especially if you notice sign and symptoms of an infection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient should the nurse monitor closely for urine retention at the hospital?

<p>Denies the urge to go after surgery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action demonstrates the correct application of nursing practices related to the urinary system?

<p>Applying interventions tailored to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary system issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the urinary system contribute to maintaining the body's internal equilibrium?

<p>By filtering wastes and extra water from the blood. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological process occurs when the bladder contracts, leading to the expulsion of urine?

<p>Micturition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports needing to urinate more than once a night. Which term accurately describes this symptom?

<p>Nocturia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a surgical procedure, a patient is experiencing difficulty urinating, leading to bladder distention. What condition is the patient likely experiencing?

<p>Urinary retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A doctor recommends catheterization for a patient. Which condition is the patient MOST likely experiencing?

<p>Urinary retention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient requires a urinary catheter for an extended period. Which type of catheter is most suitable for long-term use (more than three weeks)?

<p>Foley catheter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is about to perform a urinary catheterization on a male patient. In which position should the patient be placed for this procedure?

<p>Supine position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During urinary catheterization, what is the purpose of cleaning the genital area with an antiseptic solution?

<p>To prevent infection by reducing bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During Foley catheterization, what action confirms that the catheter is correctly placed in the bladder?

<p>Urine flows freely into the catheter tubing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following insertion of a Foley catheter, a patient reports a burning sensation and a frequent urge to urinate. What complication is most likely occurring?

<p>Urinary tract infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action to take before removing an indwelling urinary catheter?

<p>Deflate the catheter balloon completely (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After catheter removal, what is the main goal of bladder retraining exercises?

<p>To improve bladder capacity and muscle tone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended interval for replacing a condom catheter to maintain skin integrity and hygiene?

<p>Every 24 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a common complication associated with the use of condom catheters?

<p>Skin irritation and breakdown (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient undergoing bladder irrigation needs a catheter that allows for infusion of the irrigation solution and drainage of fluids. Which catheter type is most appropriate?

<p>Triple-lumen catheter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In urinary catheter care, why is it important to ensure the urine bag is positioned below the level of the bladder?

<p>To prevent urinary reflux back into the bladder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To minimize the risk of contamination in a catheterized patient, what is the recommended frequency for emptying the urine drainage bag?

<p>Every 8 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During routine catheter care, you notice the meatus is dirty. What action should you take?

<p>Clean the area with soap and water or antiseptic solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the collection of a 24-hour urine sample, which instruction is critical to provide to the patient?

<p>Discard the first urine of the day and note the time to begin the collection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Kidneys

The organs that filter blood and produce urine, located in the lumbar region.

Ureters

A pair of tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Urinary bladder

A sac-like hollow organ used for storage of urine.

Urethra

The tube through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body.

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Micturition (urination)

The process where the bladder contracts and urine is excreted from the body through the urethra.

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Urinary system

The system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine.

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Kidney function

The kidneys filter wastes and extra water from blood.

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Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

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Ureteral Function

Urine is transported to the urinary bladder with rhythmic movements.

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Oliguria

A condition marked by output less than 500mL per day.

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Anuria

A condition indicating <50mL/day output or inability to urinate.

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Polyuria

Producing more than 2 liters of urine in 24 hours.

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Hematuria

The presence of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the urine.

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Dysuria

Painful or difficult urination.

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Enuresis

Involuntary urination during sleep.

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Incontinence

The Involuntary loss of urine

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Nocturia

The need to urinate more than once a night.

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Urinary retention

The accumulation of urine within the bladder because of an inability to urinate.

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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A bacterial infection of any part of the urinary tract, including the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra.

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Urinary Catheter

A hollow, partially flexible tube that collects urine from the bladder and leads to a drainage bag.

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Short-term catheterization

A catheter inserted for a short duration, typically 0-7 days.

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Long-term catheterization

A catheter inserted for a longer duration, more than 21 days

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Urinary catheter use

A catheter used to manage urinary incontinence or retention.

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Nelaton (Straight) Catheter

A single-lumen catheter used for short-term or intermittent catheterization.

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Foley Catheter

A catheter with multiple lumens (more than one lumen).

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Catheter, women

The sizes are usually used 14-16 Fr

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Catheter, men

The sizes are usually used 18-22 Fr

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Patient Underpad

To use as an alternative method to reduce the urinary tract infection

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Suprapubic Catheterization

The catheter is placed in the bladder over the pubis with a surgical procedure.

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Bladder irrigation

A process flushing out or washing out the urinary bladder with specified solution.

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Clean intermittent catheterization

Inserted at certain intervals and administered by patient or the caregiver.

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Urinary Catheter Care

catheter should be inserted using aseptic technique and sterile material.and properly fixed

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prevent contamination

Metal hangers are used

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urine

In the bottle

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Study Notes

  • Lecturer for this course is Assist. Prof. Dr. Funda KARAMAN.
  • Aim to perform necessary nursing practices regarding the urinary system.
  • Applies nursing interventions appropriate to the technique in diagnosis and treatment of the urinary system.

Urinary System Organs

  • Kidneys: Located in the lumbar region and provide the first formation of urine.
  • Ureters: A pair of tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
  • Urinary Bladder: A sac-like hollow organ used for the storage of urine.
  • Urethra: The tube through which urine passes from the bladder to the exterior of the body.
  • Vulva: Female external genitalia.
  • Meatus: Where the urethra opens to the outside.
  • Perineum: A mass of skin, muscle, and connective tissue localized between the vagina and anus in a woman.
  • Penis: Male sex and urinary excretory organ.

Urinary System Function

  • It is also known as the renal system
  • It produces, stores, and eliminates the fluid waste, urine, excreted by the kidneys.
  • The kidneys filter wastes and extra water from blood to make urine.
  • Plays a role in maintaining homeostasis.
  • Through circulation, some inorganic salts, nitrogenous substances, and water come to the kidneys.
  • Ureters transmit urine to the urinary bladder with rhythmic movements.
  • Then a feeling of urination occurs and urine is excreted through the urethra.
  • Micturition (urination) happens when the bladder contracts and urine is excreted from the body through the urethra.
  • After urine reaches 250-500 ml in the bladder a need for excretion arises.
  • The amount of urine per hour is about 50 ml.
  • In a healthy person, the amount of urine per day is 1000-1500 ml.
  • In a 24 hour period one urinates 4-6 times.

Factors Affecting Urine Excretion

  • Age and development
  • Socio-cultural factors
  • Psychological factors
  • Fluid intake
  • Diseases
  • Surgical interventions
  • Medicines

Terminology

  • Oliguria: Output is less than 500mL/day.

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