Questions and Answers
The outer layer of the kidney is called the renal medulla.
False
Both the glomerulus and the loop of Henle make up the renal corpuscle.
False
The function of resorption is to move the filtrate back to the peritubular capillaries.
True
Gravity moves urine through the ureters.
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Chemical analysis is used to determine whether there are casts in the urine.
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Urinalysis can sometimes be used to detect inborn errors of metabolism.
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Renal calculi are considered an obstructive disorder.
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All the symptoms of nephritic syndrome are caused by the loss of protein in the blood.
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Erythropoietin stimulates red bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
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The juxtaglomerular cells release the enzyme angiotensin to initiate the RAAS.
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What are the tubes that connect the kidney and the urinary bladder called?
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What is the cup-shaped structure that catches the filtrate in the nephron?
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What are the triangular-shaped structures in the inner portion of the kidney called?
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What is the name of the blood vessel in the Bowman capsule?
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What is the name of the muscular sac that stores urine until it is released from the body?
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What is an extension of the ureters into the kidney called?
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What is the first of the tubules in the nephron?
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What is the tube that carries urine out of the body called?
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What is the structure into which the papilla of the pyramids of the kidney open?
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Which hormone's actions result in the production of a smaller volume of urine?
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What is the movement of material from the blood to the urine in the distal convoluted or collecting tubules called?
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What is the term for the production of a small amount of urine?
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What is another term for urination or voiding?
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What does uremia refer to?
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What is the movement of substances out of the tubules of the nephron back into the blood called?
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What condition has symptoms that result from the loss of protein from the blood?
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What term refers to kidney disease, especially inflammatory conditions?
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What occurs when there is glucose in the urine, a sign of diabetes mellitus?
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What results from damage to the glomerular-capsular membrane and can be caused by immune mechanisms, heredity, or bacterial infections?
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What describes pathological swelling or enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by blockage of the urine outflow?
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Study Notes
Kidney Structure and Function
- The outer layer of the kidney is incorrectly referred to as the renal medulla; it is actually the renal cortex.
- The glomerulus and loop of Henle are components of the nephron, not the renal corpuscle.
- Resorption retrieves filtrate from the renal tubules back to the peritubular capillaries.
Urine Movement and Analysis
- Urine is moved through the ureters primarily by peristalsis, not gravity.
- Chemical analysis is not typically used to check for urinary casts; other methods are used for diagnosis.
- Urinalysis can detect certain inborn errors of metabolism, providing insight into metabolic health.
Kidney Disorders
- Renal calculi (kidney stones) obstruct urine flow, categorizing them as an obstructive disorder.
- Nephritic syndrome symptoms stem from protein loss in the bloodstream.
- Erythropoietin, secreted by the kidneys, prompts red bone marrow to increase red blood cell production.
Nephron Components
- Ureters are tubes connecting kidneys to the urinary bladder.
- The Bowman capsule is a cup-shaped structure in the nephron that collects filtrate.
- The glomerulus, located in the Bowman capsule, is a critical blood vessel for filtration.
Urinary System Anatomy
- The urinary bladder is a muscular sac responsible for urine storage.
- The renal pelvis is an extension of the ureters that collects urine from the kidney.
- The proximal convoluted tubule is the first nephron tubule involved in filtration and resorption.
- The urethra carries urine out of the body.
Urine Formation Processes
- The calyx is the structure receiving urine from the renal papillae.
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) reduces urine volume by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys.
- Secretion is defined as the movement of materials from blood into urine, occurring in distal convoluted or collecting tubules.
Urine Volume and Terminology
- Oliguria indicates decreased urine production.
- Micturition refers to the act of urination or voiding.
- Uremia describes the buildup of toxic substances in the blood when kidneys do not function properly.
Kidney Conditions and Symptoms
- Resorption is a process moving substances from nephron tubules back into the blood.
- Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by symptoms resulting from significant protein loss.
- Nephritis refers to kidney inflammation, often alarming for kidney function.
- Glycosuria denotes the presence of glucose in urine, indicative of potential diabetes mellitus.
- Glomerulonephritis arises from damage to the glomerular-capsular membrane, possibly from infection or autoimmune issues.
- Hydronephrosis describes kidney swelling due to urine blockage, affecting renal function.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of the urinary system with these flashcards based on Chapter 20. Each card presents a statement related to kidney anatomy and function, requiring you to identify its accuracy. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of key concepts in renal physiology.
