32 Questions
What is the primary function of the fenestrations in the glomerulus?
To allow substances to pass through the capillaries
Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorbing approximately 65% of the filtrate?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
What is the main function of the podocytes in the glomerulus?
To create gaps for filtration
What is the name of the hormone produced by the extraglomerular mesangial cells?
Erythropoietin
What is the term for the process of substance exchange between the renal tubules and the peritubular capillaries?
Give and take
What is the name of the structure that surrounds the glomerulus?
Bowman's capsule
What is the primary function of the macula densa cells?
To regulate the glomerular filtration rate
What is the name of the cells that are found in a straight row at the opening of Bowman's capsule?
D-shaped cells
What is the name of the part of the nephron that has a descending and ascending limb?
Loop of Henle
What is the term for the process of blood formation?
Erythropoiesis
What is the primary function of the kidneys in terms of blood composition?
To control the volume, pressure, and pH of blood
What is the role of the kidneys in vitamin D activation?
To facilitate the absorption of calcium through the GIT
What is the relationship between the kidneys and the urinary bladder?
The ureters from each kidney empty into the urinary bladder
What is the location of the kidneys in the body?
Retroperitoneal, between T12 and L3
What is the role of the kidneys in maintaining pH balance in the body?
To remove excess protons or hydrogen atoms to maintain pH
Why is calcium important for the body?
It is essential for muscle contractions and skeletal muscle function
What is the role of the kidneys in the production of blood cells?
They produce a hormone that stimulates the red bone marrow to produce blood cells
What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)?
To regulate blood pressure
What type of epithelium is found in the ureters and urinary bladder?
Transitional epithelium
What is the function of the detrusor muscle?
To contract and relax the bladder wall
What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?
To control the flow of urine through the urethra
What is the lining of the majority of the urinary bladder in females?
Adventitia
What is the main function of the renal fasciae?
To anchor the kidney to the body wall
What is the term for the notch on the medial kidney?
Hilum
What is the function of the nephron?
To filter, reabsorb, and secrete
What is the term for the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney?
Renal capsule
What is the name of the cup-shaped capsule that surrounds the glomerulus?
Bowman's capsule
What is the purpose of the renal sinus?
To expand the hilus
What is the term for the blood vessels that enter and exit the glomerulus?
Afferent and efferent arterioles
What is the function of the podocytes?
To surround the glomerulus
What is the term for the process of removing waste products from the blood?
Excretion
What is the term for the upper expanded end of the ureter?
Renal pelvis
Learn about the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Understand the functions of the kidneys, including removing waste products and controlling blood composition, volume, and pressure.
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