Urinary Specimen Collection Methods

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of Bartlett's Classification in a clinical microbiology laboratory?

To determine the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria

To collect urine specimens

To identify the causative agent of UTI

To assess the quality and scoring of sputum (correct)

What type of urine specimen is collected through a catheter?

Midstream clean-catch urine

Catheterized urine (correct)

Suprapubic urine

Random urine

Which of the following antibiotics is used to treat H. influenzae infections?

Bacitracin (correct)

Ciprofloxacin

Gentamicin

Amoxicillin

What is the main difference between Lower UTI and Upper UTI?

Severity of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for inflammation of the kidneys?

Pyelonephritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of enumerating neutrophils and epithelial cells per low-power field in Bartlett's Classification?

To assess the quality of sputum Signup and view all the answers

What is the specimen of choice for bacterial culture?

Midstream clean-catch urine Signup and view all the answers

Why is first morning urine preferred for bacterial culture?

It is more concentrated Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of centrifuging urine in a laboratory?

To separate the sediment for further analysis Signup and view all the answers

What type of catheter is used for urine collection in those unable to produce a clean-catch urine sample?

Foley Catheter Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria is often detected using India ink culture?

H. influenzae Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to urine samples if they are not processed immediately?

Preserve or refrigerate them Signup and view all the answers

What is the suitable preservative used to maintain accurate colony count in meningitidis?

Boric Acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of collecting urine specimens for UTI diagnosis?

Suprapubic Aspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the major cause of UTI?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time frame for culturing urine specimens?

Within 1 hour of collection or refrigerate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a calibrated loop in colony count?

To ensure accurate measurement of bacterial growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to compute for colony count per mL of urine?

No specific formula Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using 3-4 tubes for urine specimen collection?

To use for different laboratory tests Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of UTI among sexually active young females?

Staphylococcus Saprophyticus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Urine Specimen Collection

Midstream clean-catch urine is the specimen of choice for bacterial culture, as it is less invasive.
Catheterized urine is used for those who are unable to produce a midstream clean-catch urine sample.
Suprapubic aspiration is a method of collecting urine via needle aspiration above the symphysis pubis, and is an anaerobic process.
First morning urine is ideal for bacterial culture as it is more concentrated.

Urine Specimen Handling

Urine specimens must be preserved or refrigerated if not processed immediately, using a suitable preservative like boric acid to maintain accurate colony count.
Urine specimens should be cultured within one hour or refrigerated, but not for longer than 24 hours.

Colony Count and Bacterial Culture

Colony count should be performed on all urine samples, using a calibrated loop (1 μL or 10 μL).
The formula to compute colony count per mL of urine is: No. of colonies x (1000 or 100) / volume of urine in μL.

UTI and Bacterial Causes

The major cause of UTI is Escherichia coli.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a common cause of UTI among sexually active young females.
Lower UTI includes cystitis (bladder infection) and urethritis (urethra infection), while upper UTI includes pyelonephritis (kidney infection) and glomerulonephritis.

Clinical Specimen and Laboratory Procedures

A combination of MAC and BAP is suitable for clinical specimens.
Urine specimens are usually collected in 3-4 tubes, including one for chemistry, microbiology, hematology, and serology/microbiology.
Tube #2 is for microbiology, gram stain, and culture, and should be examined immediately or held at 37°C storage temperature.

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Description

Learn about the different methods of collecting urinary specimens, including random, catheterized, midstream, and suprapubic aspiration. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of each method and when to use them.