25 Questions
What is the central echogenic area in a normal renal ultrasound composed of?
Renal sinus
What is the main reason intravenous pyelography (IVP) is largely replaced by CT urography?
Higher resolution images
Which condition is NOT an indication for intravenous urography (IVU)?
Detailed demonstration of liver parenchyma
What should be avoided before undergoing intravenous urography (IVU) due to contraindications?
Being pregnant
Which anatomical variant can be investigated using intravenous urography?
"C"-shaped kidney
Which structure appears as triangular structures of low echo texture in a normal renal ultrasound?
Pyramids
What is the normal range for renal cortex measurement in IVP?
1-2 cm
Which abnormal kidney position may lead to an abnormal renal axis?
Mal-rotation
In IVP, what can cause dilated calyces to appear clubbed in shape?
Obstruction
What is the normal shape of calices in IVP?
Cupped
What may cause minor indentation in the renal cortex as seen in IVP?
Persistence of fetal lobulation
What can cause a bulge of the renal outline known as the 'splenic hump' in IVP?
'Dromedary hump'
What is the normal shape of the renal pelvis in IVP?
Funnel-shaped
Why might only a portion of the ureter be visible in an IVP?
'Peristalsis'
What is the purpose of the KUB (Kidney, Ureter, Bladder) plain film?
To assess radiopaque shadows overlying the renal, ureteric or vesical regions, and to evaluate bone and soft tissue abnormalities
What is the purpose of administering intravenous iodinated contrast media during an IVP (Intravenous Pyelogram)?
To visualize the kidneys and urinary tract
What is the normal length of the kidney as measured on an IVU (Intravenous Urogram)?
10-16 cm
What is the reason for the difference in size between the kidneys on an IVU?
The kidney with a bifid collecting system is usually larger
How does the position of the right kidney compare to the left kidney on an IVU?
The right kidney is lower than the left kidney
What is the primary difference between a KUB (Kidney, Ureter, Bladder) plain film and a plain abdominal radiograph?
The KUB is used to assess radiopaque shadows, while a plain abdominal radiograph is used to evaluate soft tissue structures
Which of the following is NOT an indication for ultrasound in the urinary system?
Evaluating renal function
What is the normal size range for kidneys on ultrasound?
9-12 cm
What is the maximum acceptable difference in size between the two kidneys on ultrasound?
< 1.5 cm
Which of the following is NOT a use of ultrasound in the urinary system?
Calculating glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Which of the following techniques is NOT used for assessment of the urinary system?
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
Test your knowledge on urinary imaging techniques including ultrasound, intravenous pyelography, retrograde pyelography, voiding cystourethrography, CT, and MRI. Learn about the indications and applications of ultrasound in the urinary system.
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